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GALLITZIN, DEMETRIUS AUGUSTINE (1770-...

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Originally appearing in Volume V11, Page 421 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GALLITZIN, See also:DEMETRIUS See also:AUGUSTINE (1770-1840) , See also:American See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:priest, called " The Apostle of the Alleghanies," was See also:born at the See also:Hague on the 22nd of See also:December 1770. His name is a See also:form of See also:Golitsuin (q.v.), the See also:Russian See also:family from which he came. His See also:father, Dimitri Alexeievich Gallitzin (1735-1803), Russian See also:ambassador to See also:Holland, was an intimate friend of See also:Voltaire and a follower of See also:Diderot; so, too, for many years was his See also:mother, Countess Adelheid Amalie vcn Schmettau (1948-1806), until a severe illness in 1786 led her back" to the Roman Catholic See also:church, in which she had been reared. At the See also:age of seventeen he too became a member of that church. His father had planned for him a See also:diplomatic or military career, and in 1792 he was aide-de-See also:camp to the See also:commander of the See also:Austrian troops in See also:Brabant; but, after the assassination of the See also:king of See also:Sweden, he, like all other foreigners, was dismissed from the service. He then set out to See also:complete his See also:education by travel, and on the 28th of See also:October 1792 arrived in See also:Baltimore, See also:Maryland, where he finally decided to enter the priesthood. He was ordained priest in See also:March 1795, being the first Roman Catholic priest ordained in See also:America, and then worked in the See also:mission at See also:Port See also:Tobacco, Maryland, whence he was soon transferred to the Conewago See also:district. His impulsive objection to some of See also:Bishop See also:Carroll's instructions was sharply rebuked, and he was recalled to Baltimore. But in 1796 he removed to Taneytown, Maryland, and in both Maryland and See also:Pennsylvania worked with such misdirected zeal and autocratic See also:manners that he was again reproved by his bishop in 1998. In the Alleghanies, in 1799, he planned a See also:settlement in what is now See also:Cambria See also:county, Pennsylvania, and bought up much See also:land which he gave or sold at See also:low prices to Catholic immigrants, spending $150,000 or more in the See also:purchase of some 20,000 acres in a spot singularly See also:ill suited for such an enterprise. In 1808, after his father's See also:death, he was disinherited by the See also:emperor See also:Alexander I. of See also:Russia " by See also:reason of your Catholic faith and your ecclesiastical profession "; and although his See also:sister See also:Anne repeatedly promised him his See also:half of the valuable See also:estate and sent him See also:money from See also:time to time, after her death her See also:brother received little or nothing from the estate. The priest, who after his father's death had in 1809 discarded the name of Augustine See also:Smith, under which he had been naturalized, and had taken his real name, was soon deeply in See also:debt.

No small See also:

part was a See also:loan from See also:Charles Carroll, and when Gallitzin was suggested for the see of See also:Philadelphia in 1814, Bishop Carroll gave as an objection Gallitzin's " See also:great load of debt rashly, though for excellent and charitable purposes, contracted." In 1815 Gallitzin was suggested for the bishopric of Bardstown, See also:Kentucky, and in 1827 for the proposed see of See also:Pittsburg, and he refused the bishopric of See also:Cincinnati. He died at Loretto, the settlement he had founded in Cambria county, on the 6th of May 184o. Among his parishioners Gallitzin was a great See also:power for See also:good. His part in See also:building up the Roman Catholic Church in western Pennsylvania cannot be estimated; but it is said that at his death there were 1o,00o members of his church in the district where See also:forty years before he had found a scant dozen. One of the villages he founded bears his name. Among his controversial See also:pamphlets are: A See also:Defence of Catholic Principles (1816), See also:Letter to a See also:Protestant Friend on the See also:Holy Scriptures (182o), See also:Appeal to the Protestant Public (1834), and Six Letters of See also:Advice (1834), in reply to attacks on the Catholic Church by a Presbyterian See also:synod. See Sarah M. See also:Brownson, See also:Life of D. A. Gallitzin, See also:Prince and Priest (New See also:York, 1893); a brief See also:summary of his life by A. A. Lambing in American Catholic Records (Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, October 1886, pp.

58-68) ; and a good bibliography by See also:

Thomas C. See also:Middleton in The Gallitzin Memorandum See also:Book, in American Catholic See also:Historical Society of Philadelphia, Records, vol. 4, pp. 32 sqq.

End of Article: GALLITZIN, DEMETRIUS AUGUSTINE (1770-1840)

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