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See also:PONTEFRACT (pronounced and sometimes written " See also:Pomfret ") , a See also:market See also:town and municipal and See also:parliamentary See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough. in the See also:West See also:Riding of See also:Yorkshire, See also:England, 21 M. S.S.W. from See also:York, served by the Midland, See also:North-Eastern and See also:Lancashire & Yorkshire See also:railways. Pop. (1891), 9702; (1901), 13,427. It is well situated, mainly on an See also:eminence, near the junction of the See also:Aire and the See also:Calder. The most important of the antiquarian remains are the ruins of the famous See also:castle situated on a rocky height, originally covering with its precincts an See also:area of over 8 acres, and containing in all eight See also:round towers. The remains are principally of See also:Norman date, and an unusual feature of the stronghold is the existence of various subterranean See also:chambers in the See also:rock. Below the castle is All See also:Saints See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, which suffered severely during the See also:siege of the castle, but still retains some See also:work of the 12th See also:century. In 1837 the See also:tower and transepts were fitted for divine service. The church of St See also:Giles, formerly a See also:chapel of ease to All Saints, but made parochial in the ,8th century, is of Norman date, but most of the See also:present structure is See also:modern. The 17th-century See also:spire was removed in 1707, and replaced by a square tower, which was rebuilt in 1797; the See also:chancel was rebuilt in 1869. In See also:Southgate is an See also:ancient hermitage and See also:oratory cut out of the solid rock, which See also:dates from 1396. On St See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas's See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill, where Thomas, See also:earl of See also:Lancaster, was beheaded in 1322, a See also:chantry was erected in 1373, the site of which is now occupied by a See also:windmill built of, its stones. At Monkhill there are the remains of a Tudor See also:building called the Old See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall, probably constructed out of the old priory of St See also:John's. A See also:grammar school of ancient See also:foundation, renewed by See also:Elizabeth and See also:George III., occupies modern buildings. The town-hall was built at the See also:close of the 18th century on the site of one erected in 1656, which succeeded the old See also:moot-hall dating from Saxon times. Among other buildings are the See also:court See also:house, the market hall, the See also:assembly rooms (a,handsome building adjoining the town-hall), and large See also:barracks. The foundation of the
See also:principal See also:almshouse, that of St See also:Nicholas, dates from before the See also:Conquest. Trinity See also:Hospital was founded by See also:Sir See also:Robert See also:Knolles (d. 1407), an eminent military See also:commander in the See also:French See also:wars of See also:Edward III. At Ackworth, in the neighbourhood, there is a large school of the Society of See also:Friends or See also:Quakers (1778), in the foundation of which Dr John See also:Fothergill (1712-1780) was a See also:prime mover. There are extensive gardens and nurseries in the neighbourhood of Pontefract, and See also:liquorice is largely grown for the manufacture of the celebrated Pomfret cakes. The town possesses ironfoundries, See also:sack and See also:matting manufactories, tanneries, breweries, See also:corn See also:mills and See also:brick and terra-See also:cotta See also:works. The parliamentary borough, falling within the Osgoldcross See also:division of the See also:county, returns one member (before 1885 the number was, two). The town is governed by a See also:mayor, six See also:alder-men and 18 councillors. Area, 4078 acres.
The remains of a See also:Roman See also:camp have been discovered near Pontefract, but there is no trace of See also:settlement in the town itself until after the Conquest. At the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the Domesday Survey Tateshall (now Tanshelf, a suburb of the town) was the See also:chief See also:manor and contained 6o burgesses, while See also:Kirkby, which after-towards became the borough of Pontefract, was one of its members, The See also:change was probably owing to the fact that Ilbert de See also:Lacy, to whom the Conqueror had granted the whole of the See also:honour of Pontefract, founded a castle at Kirkby, on a site said to have been occupied by a fortification raised by Ailric, a Saxon thane. Several reasons are given for the change of name but none is at all satisfactory. One See also:account says that it was caused by a broken See also:bridge which delayed the Conqueror's advance to the north, but this is known to have been at Ferrybridge, three See also:miles away; a second says that the new name was derived from a Norman town called Pontfrete, which, however, never existed; and a third that it was caused by the breaking of a bridge in 1153 on the arrival of the See also:archbishop of York, St See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William, when several See also:people were miraculously preserved from drowning, although the town was already known as Pontefract in 1140 when Archbishop Thurston died there. The manor remained in the Lacy See also:family until it passed by See also:marriage to Thomas, See also:duke of Lancaster, who was beheaded on a hill outside the town after the See also:battle of See also:Boroughbridge. His estates were restored to his See also:brother See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry, earl of Lancaster, on the See also:accession of Edward III., and the manor has since then formed See also:part of the duchy of Lancaster. The town took part in most of the rebellions in the north of England, and in 1399 See also:Richard II. was imprisoned and secretly murdered in the castle. During the Wars of the See also:Roses the town was loyal to Henry VI., and several of the Yorkist leaders were executed here after the battle of See also:Wakefield. It was taken by Robert See also:Aske, See also:leader of the See also:Pilgrimage of See also:- GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
- GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )
Grace, in 1536. In 1642 the castle was garrisoned for See also:Charles I. and sustained four sieges, the second, in 1644, being successful, but two years later it was retaken by the royalists, who held it until after the See also:execution of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, when they surrendered to See also:General See also:Lambert and the castle was destroyed.
See also:Roger de Lacy in 1194 granted a See also:charter to the burgesses confirming. their liberties and right to be a See also:free borough at a See also:fee-See also:farm of r2d. yearly for every toft, granting them the same privileges as the burgesses of See also:Grimsby, and that their See also:reeve should be chosen annually by the See also:lord of the manor at his court leet, preference being given to, the burgesses if they would pay as much as others for the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office. Henry de Lacy cofirmed this charter in 1278 and in 1484 Richard III, incorporated the town under the See also:title of mayor and burgesses and granted a gild See also:merchant with a hanse. His charter was withdrawn on the accession of Henry VII. and a similar one was granted, while in 1489 the. king gave the burgesses See also:licence to continue choosing a mayor as they had done in the time of Richard III. In 16o6-16o7 See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James I. confirmed the charter of Henry VII. and regulated the choice of the mayor by providing that he should be elected from among the chief burgesses by the burgesses themselves. The See also:privilege of returning, two members to See also:parliament which had belonged to Pontefract at the end of the 13th century was revived in 1620-1621 on, the grounds that the charter of 1606-1607 had restored all their privileges to the burgesses. Since the
Redistribution of Seats See also:Act of 1885 one member only has been returned. Liquorice was largely grown as See also:early as 1700-1701, when the See also:corporation prohibited the See also:sale of buds or sets of the plant. Richard III. by his See also:incorporation charter granted the market rights in the borough to the burgesses, who still hold them under his charter.
See See also:Victoria County See also:History: Yorkshire; Eighth See also:Report of the Royal See also:Commission on See also:Historical See also:Manuscripts (1870—1897) ; See also:Book of Entries of the Pontefract Corporation, 1653—1726 (ed. by Richard See also:Holmes, 1882) ; See also:Benjamin Boothroyd, The History of the Ancient Borough of Pontefract (1807); George See also:Fox, The History of Pontefract (1827).
End of Article: PONTEFRACT (pronounced and sometimes written " Pomfret ")
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