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See also:VESPUCCI, AMERIGO (1451—1512) , See also:merchant and adventurer, who gave his name of Amerigo to the new See also:world as See also:America, was See also:born at See also:Florence on the 9th of See also:March 1451. His See also:father, Nastagio (Anastasio) Vespucci, was a See also:notary, and his See also:uncle, Fra Giorgio See also:Antonio Vespucci, to whom he owed his See also:education, was a scholarly Dominican and a friend of See also:Savonarola. As a student Amerigo is said to have shown a preference for natural See also:philosophy, See also:astronomy and See also:geography, He was placed as a clerk in the See also:great commercial See also:house of the See also:Medici, then the ruling See also:family in Florence. A See also:letter of the 3oth of See also:December 1492 shows that he was then in See also:Seville; and till the See also:lath of See also:January 1496 he seems to have usually resided in See also:Spain, especially at Seville and See also:Cadiz, probably as an See also:agent of the Medici. In December 1495, on the See also:death of a Florentine merchant, Juanoto Berardi, established at Seville, who had fitted out the second expedition of Columlius in 1493, and had also under-taken to See also:fit out twelve See also:ships for the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of Spain (See also:April 9th, 1495), Vespucci was commissioned to See also:complete the See also:contract. As See also:Ferdinand, on the loth of April 1495, recalled the See also:monopoly conceded to See also:Columbus (this See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of April loth, 1495, was cancelled on See also:June 2nd, 1497), " private " exploring now had an opportunity, and adventurers of all kinds were able to leave Spain for the See also:West. Vespucci claims to have sailed with one of these " See also:free-See also:lance " expeditions from Cadiz on the loth of May 1497. Touching at See also:Grand See also:Canary on the way, the four vessels he accompanied, going See also:thirty-seven days on a west-See also:south-west course, and making l000 leagues, are said to have reached a supposed See also:continental See also:coast in 16° N., 7o° W. from Grand Canary (June 16th, 1497). This should have brought them into the Pacific. They sailed along the coast, says Vespucci, for 8o leagues to the See also:province of Parias (or Lariab), and then 87o leagues more, always to the See also:north-west, to the " finest See also:harbour in the world," which from this description should be in See also:British See also:Columbia or thereabouts. Thence See also:roc
leagues more to north and north-See also:east to the islands of the See also:people called " Iti," from which they returned to Spain, reaching Cadiz on the 15th of See also:October 1498. Still following Vespucci's own statement, he, on the 16th of May 1499, started on a second voyage in a See also:fleet of three ships under Alonzo de Ojeda (Hojeda). Sailing south-west over 500 leagues they crossed the ocean in See also:forty-four days, finding See also:land in 5° S. Thence, encountering various adventures, they worked up to 15° N., and returned to Spain by way of Antiglia (Espanola, See also:San Domingo), reaching Cadiz on the 8th of See also:September 15oo. Entering the service of Dom See also:Manuel of See also:Portugal, Vespucci claims to have taken See also:part in a third See also:American expedition, which See also:left See also:Lisbon on the loth (or 15th) of May 15oi. Vespucci has given two accounts of this alleged third voyage, differing in many details, especially See also:dates and distances. From Portugal he declares that he sailed to Bezeguiche (Cape Verde), and thence south-west for 700 leagues, reaching the American coast in 5° S. on the 7th (or 17th) of See also:August. Thence eastward for 300 (150) leagues, and south and west to 52° S. (or 73° 3o'; in his own words, " r3° from the See also:antarctic See also:pole," i.e. well into the antarctic See also:continent). He returned, he adds, by Sierra Leone (June loth), and the See also:Azores (end of See also:July), to Lisbon (September 7th, 1502). His second Portuguese (and See also:fourth and last American) voyage, as alleged by him, was destined for Malacca, which he supposed to be in 330 S. (really in 2° 14' N.). Starting from Lisbon on the loth of May 1503, with a fleet of six ships, and reaching See also:Bahia by way of Fernando Noronha (?), Vespucci declares that he built a fort at a harbour in 18° S., and thence returned to Lisbon (June 18th, 1504). In See also:February 1505, being again in Spain, he visited See also:Christopher Columbus, who entrusted to him a letter for his son Diego. On the 24th of April 1505, Vespucci received See also:Spanish letters of See also:naturalization; and on the 6th of August 1508 was appointed piloto See also:mayor or See also:chief See also:pilot of Spain, an See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office which he held till his death, at Seville, on the 22nd of February 1512.
If his own See also:account had been trustworthy, it would have followed that Vespucci reached the mainland of America eight days before See also:John See also:Cabot (June 16th against June 24th, 1497). But Vespucci's own statement of his exploring achievements hardly carries conviction. This statement is contained (i.) in his letter written from Lisbon (March or April 1503) to Lorenzo See also:Piero See also:Francesco di Medici, the See also:head of the See also:firm under which his business career had been mostly spent, describing the alleged Portuguese voyage of March 15or—September 1502. The See also:original See also:Italian See also:text is lost, but we possess the Latin See also:translation by " Jocundus interpreter," perhaps the Giocondo who brought his invitation to Portugal in 1501. This letter was printed (in some nine See also:editions) soon after it was written, the first two issues (Mundus Novus and Epistola Albericii de Novo See also:Muncie), without See also:place or date, appearing before 1504, the third, of 1504 (Mundus Nevus), at See also:Augsburg. Two very See also:early See also:Paris editions are also known, and one See also:Strassburg (De Ora Antarctica) of 15o5, edited by E. Ringmann. It was also included in the Paesi novamente retrovati of 1507 (See also:Vicenza) under the See also:title of Novo Mondo da See also:Alb. Vesputio. The connexion of the new world with Vespucci, thus expressed, is derived from the See also:argument of this first letter, that it was right to See also:call Amerigo's See also:discovery a new world, because it had not been seen before by any one. This prepared the way for the American name soon given to the continent.
(ii.) In Vespucci's letter, also written from Portugal (September 1504), and probably addressed to his old school-See also:fellow Piero See also:Soderini, gonfaloniere of Florence 1502—1512. From the Italian original (of which four printed copies still exist, without place or date, but probably before 1507) a See also:French version was made; and from the latter a Latin translation, published at St See also:Die in See also:Lorraine in April 1507, and immediately made use of in the Cosmographiae Introductio (St Die, 1507) of See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin Waldseemuller (Hylacomylus), See also:professor of cosmography in St Die University. Here we have perhaps the first See also:suggestion in a printed See also:book that the newly discovered fourth part of the world should be called " America, because See also:Americus discovered it." Since See also:Alexander von See also:Humboldt discussed thesubject in his Examen critique de l'histoire de la geographie .du nouveau continent (1837), vol. iv., the See also:general See also:weight of See also:opinion (in spite of F. A. de Varnhagen, Amerigo Vespucci, son caractere, ses ecrits. . . sa See also:vie . . . , See also:Lima, 1865, and other See also:pro-Vespuccian See also:works) has been that Vespucci did not make the 1497 voyage, and that he had no See also:share in the first discovery of the American continent.
See also R. H. See also:Major, See also:Prince See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry the Navigator (See also:London, 1868), pp. 367—88; F. A. de Varnhagen, Le Premier voyage de Amerigo Vespucci (See also:Vienna, 1869) ; Nouvelles recherches sur See also:les derniers voyages du navigateur florentin (Vienna, 1869) ; Ainda Amerigo Vespucci, Neves estudos (Vienna, 1874) ; See also:Luigi See also:Hugues, Il terzo viaggio di A. Vespucci (Florence, 1878) ; " Alcune considerazioni sul See also:Prime Viaggio di A. Vespucci," in the Bolletino of the Italian See also:Geographical Society, See also:series ii. vol. x. pp. 248-63, 367—80 (See also:Rome, 1885) ; " Il See also:quarto Viaggio di A. Vespucci," in the same Bolletino, See also:year xx., vol. See also:xxiii. pp. 532—54 (Rome, 1886) ; " Sul See also:nome' America '
in the same Bolletino, series iii. vol. i. pp. 404—27, 515—30 (Rome, 1888), and an earlier study under the same title (See also:Turin, 1886) ; " Sopra due lettere di A. Vespucci," in the same, series iii. vol. iv. pp. 849—72, 929—51 (Rome, 1891); Narrative and See also:Critical See also:History of America, edited by See also:Justin See also:Winsor, vol. ii. pp. 129—86 (1886) ; The Letters of A. Vespucci (translation, &c., by Clements R. See also:Markham, London, See also:Hakluyt Society, 1894) ; H. Harrisse, A. Vespuccius (London, 1895); Jos. See also:Fischer and F. R. von Weiser, The See also:Oldest See also:Map with the Name America ... (See also:Innsbruck, 1903) ; Angelo Maria See also:Bandini and Gustavo Uzielli, Vita di Amerigo Vespucci (Florence, 1898) ; B. H. Soulsby in the See also:Journal of the Royal Geographical Society (London, February 1902), pp. 201-9. (C. R.
End of Article: VESPUCCI, AMERIGO (1451—1512)
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