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See also:EDWARD IV . (1442-1483), See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:England, son of See also:Richard, See also:duke of See also:York, by See also:Cicely See also:Neville, was See also:born at See also:Rouen on the 28th of See also:April 1442. As a boy he was styled See also:earl of See also:March, and spent most of his See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time at See also:Ludlow. After the Yorkist failure at Ludlow See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field in See also:October 1459, Edward fled with the earls of See also:Salisbury and See also:Warwick, his See also:uncle and See also:cousin, to See also:Calais. Thence in the following See also:July he accompanied them in their successful invasion of England, to be welcomed in See also:London, and to See also:share in the victory over the Lancastrians at See also:Northampton. After the See also:acceptance of Richard of York as See also:heir to the See also:crown, Edward returned to the Welsh See also:marches, where See also:early in the new
See also:year he heard of his See also:father's defeat and See also:death at See also:Wakefield. Hastily gathering an See also:army he defeated the earls of See also:Pembroke and See also:Wiltshire at See also:Mortimer's See also:Cross on the 2nd of See also:February 1461, and then marched on London. He was acclaimed by the citizens in an See also:assembly at See also:Clerkenwell, declared king by a Yorkist See also:council, and took See also:possession of the regality on the 4th of March. Soon after the new king and the earl of Warwick went See also:north, and on the 28th of March won a decisive victory at See also:Towton.
Edward owed his See also:throne to his kinsmen the Nevilles, and he was content for the time to be guided by them. For himself he was See also:young and fond of See also:pleasure. Still he made frequent progresses, and took some See also:part in the fighting that went on in the north during 1462 and 1463. But he was absent from the final victory at See also:Hexham on the 14th of May 1464, and was at the very time engaged in contracting a See also:secret See also:marriage with See also:Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Woodville, See also:Lord See also:Rivers, and widow of See also:Sir See also:John See also:Grey of Groby (d. 1461). The marriage was disclosed at Michaelmas, much to the vexation of Warwick, who in pursuit of his See also:foreign policy had projected a match with a See also:French princess. Edward heaped favours on his new relatives; his father-in-See also:law was made treasurer, and See also:great marriages were found for his wife's sisters and See also:brothers. In foreign affairs also Edward thwarted Warwick's plans by favouring an See also:alliance with See also:Burgundy rather than See also:France. There was, however, no open See also:breach till 1469, when Warwick, taking See also:advantage of the unpopularity of the Woodvilles, and supported by the king's next See also:brother See also:George, duke of See also:Clarence, appeared in arms. Edward was surprised and made prisoner at See also:Middle-See also:ham, and Rivers was beheaded. For six months Edward had to submit to Warwick's tutelage; then on the occasion of a rising in See also:Lincolnshire he gathered an army of his own. Sir See also:Robert See also:Welles, the See also:leader of this See also:rebellion, made a See also:confession implicating Warwick, who fled with Clarence to France. The king thought himself secure, but when Warwick and Clarence made terms with the Lancastrian exiles, Edward in his turn had to seek See also:refuge in See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland (See also:September 1470). His brother-in-law, See also:Charles of Burgundy, at first refused him any assistance, but at last furnished him with See also:money, and on the 14th of March 1471 Edward and his brother Richard landed with a small force at Ravenspur near See also:Hull. Marching See also:south he was welcomed at London on the 11th of April, defeated Warwick at See also:Barnet three days later, and the Lancastrians at See also:Tewkesbury on the 4th of May. From thenceforth Edward's possession of the crown was secure. His position was strengthened by the See also:birth of a son (2nd of See also:November 1470, during his See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile), and by the See also:wealth which he acquired through the See also:confiscation of the estates of his opponents. Clarence had made his See also:peace with Edward, but was at enmity with his other brother Richard of See also:Gloucester, who now married Warwick's second daughter and claimed a share in the Neville See also:inheritance. Their rivalry and Clarence's continued intrigues furnished Edward with his See also:chief domestic difficulty; the trouble was ended by the judicial See also:murder of Clarence in 1478.
The only serious enterprise of these latter years was the See also:short French See also:war of 1475, from which Edward was bought out by the treaty of Pecquigny. As foreign policy it was inglorious, and involved a departure from Edward's earlier See also:plan of a Burgundian affiance. However, it shows a certain recognition of England's need to concentrate her energies on her own development. The See also:annual See also:subsidy which See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XI. agreed to pay further served Edward's purposes by providing him with money for See also:home See also:government, and enabled him to avoid possible trouble through the See also:necessity for too frequent parliaments and heavy See also:taxation. So Edward's See also:personal See also:rule became in its See also:character autocratic; but it was in the See also:art of courting popularity and concealing despotism that he most shows himself as a type of tyranny. He lacked neither ambition nor capacity, but was indolent and only exerted himself spasmodically. He could be ruthless, but was not habitually cruel. His strongest weapons were the See also:fine presence, the affable See also:manners (even with citizens), and the love of pleasure and entertainments which secured his personal popularity. In his last years he was given to self-See also:indulgence and scandalous excesses, which did not, however, alienate the London citizens, with whose wives he was too See also:familiar. Most of the See also:power at See also:court was in the hands of the Woodvilles, in spite of their unpopularity; the more arduous See also:work of See also:administration in the north was See also:left to Richard of Gloucester. If as a See also:prince of the See also:Renaissance Edward was the first to rule tyrannically in England, he also deserves See also:credit as a See also:patron of the new culture and friend of See also:Caxton; he further resembles his See also:Italian contemporaries in the commercial purposes to which he applied his wealth in See also:partnership with London merchants.
Edward died at See also:Westminster on the 9th of April 1483, and was buried at See also:Windsor. By Elizabeth Woodville, who died on the 8th of See also:June 1492, he had two sons, Edward V. and Richard of York, who were murdered in the See also:Tower; and five daughters, of whom the eldest, Elizabeth, married See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry VII. Of his numerous mistresses the most notorious was Jane See also:Shore. Before his marriage he had been contracted to See also:Lady Eleanor See also:- BUTLER
- BUTLER (or BOTELER), SAMUEL (1612–168o)
- BUTLER (through the O. Fr. bouteillier, from the Late Lat. buticularius, buticula, a bottle)
- BUTLER, ALBAN (1710-1773)
- BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1818-1893)
- BUTLER, CHARLES (1750–1832)
- BUTLER, GEORGE (1774-1853)
- BUTLER, JOSEPH (1692-1752)
- BUTLER, NICHOLAS MURRAY (1862– )
- BUTLER, SAMUEL (1774-1839)
- BUTLER, SAMUEL (1835-1902)
- BUTLER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS (1838– )
- BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER (1814-1848)
Butler, and this was alleged by Richard III. to have made his See also:children by Elizabeth Woodville illegitimate.
End of Article: EDWARD IV
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