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HODSON, WILLIAM STEPHEN RAIKES (1821-...

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 559 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HODSON, See also:WILLIAM See also:STEPHEN See also:RAIKES (1821-1858) , known as " Hodson of Hodson's See also:Horse," See also:British See also:leader of See also:light See also:cavalry during the See also:Indian See also:Mutiny, third son of the Rev. See also:George Hodson, afterwards See also:archdeacon of See also:Stafford and See also:canon of See also:Lichfield, was See also:born on the loth of See also:March 1821 at Maisemore See also:Court, near See also:Gloucester. He was educated at See also:Rugby and See also:Cambridge, and . . . . (2). and had just reached Khurkhouda, a See also:village near See also:Delhi. Hodson thereupon took out a See also:body of his sowars, attacked the village, and shot Bisharat All and several of his relatives. See also:General See also:Crawford See also:Chamberlain states that this was Hodson's way of wiping out the See also:debt. Again, after the fall of Delhi, Hodson obtained from General See also:Wilson permission to ride out with fifty horsemen to See also:Humayun's See also:tomb, 6 m. out of Delhi, and bring in Bahadur Shah, the last of the Moguls. This he did with safety in the See also:face of a large and threatening See also:crowd, and thus dealt the mutineers a heavy See also:blow. On the following See also:day with too horsemen he went out to the same tomb and obtained the unconditional surrender of the three princes, who had been See also:left behind on the previous occasion. A crowd of 6000 persons gathered, and Hodson with marvellous coolness ordered them to disarm, which they proceeded to do.

He sent the princes on with an escort of ten men, while with the remaining ninety he collected the arms of the crowd. On galloping after the princes he found the crowd once more pressing on the escort and threatening an attack; and fearing that he would be unable to bring his prisoners into Delhi he shot them with his own See also:

hand. This is the most bitterly criticized See also:action in his career, but no one but the See also:man on the spot can See also:judge how it is necessary to handle a crowd; and in addition one of the princes, See also:Abu Bukt, See also:heir-apparent to the See also:throne, had made himself notorious for cutting off the arms and legs of See also:English See also:children and pouring the See also:blood into their mothers' mouths. Considering the circumstances of the moment, Hodson's See also:act at the worst was one of irregular See also:justice. A more unpleasant See also:side to the question is that he gave the See also:king a safe conduct, which was afterwards seen by See also:Sir Donald See also:Stewart, before he left the See also:palace, and presumably for a bribe; and he took an armlet and rings from the bodies of the princes. He was freely accused of looting at the See also:time, and though this See also:charge, like that of peculation, is See also:matter for controversy, it is very strongly supported. General See also:Pelham See also:Burn said that he saw See also:loot in Hodson's boxes when he accompanied him from Fatehgarh to take See also:part in the See also:siege of See also:Lucknow, and Sir See also:Henry See also:Daly said that he found " loads of loot " in Hodson's boxes after his See also:death, and also a See also:file of documents See also:relating to the Guides See also:case, which had been stolen from him and of which Hodson denied all knowledge. On the other hand the Rev. G. Hodson states in his See also:book that he obtained the See also:inventory of his See also:brother's possessions made by the See also:Committee of See also:Adjustment and it contained no articles of loot, and Sir See also:Charles See also:Gough, See also:president of the committee, confirmed this See also:evidence. This statement is totally incompatible with Sir Henry Daly's and is only one of many contradictions in the case. Sir Henry See also:Norman stated that to his See also:personal knowledge Hodson remitted several thousand pounds to See also:Calcutta which could only have been obtained by looting.

On the other hand, again, Hodson died a poor man, his effects were sold for £170, his widow was dependent on charity for her passage See also:

home, was given apartments by the See also:queen at See also:Hampton Court, and left only I400 at her death. Hodson was killed on the 11th of March 1858 in the attack on the Begum Kotee at Lucknow. He had just arrived on the spot and met a man going to fetch See also:powder to blow in a See also:door; instead Hodson, with his usual recklessness, rushed into the See also:doorway and was shot. On the whole, it can hardly be doubted that he was somewhat unscrupulous in his private See also:character, but he was a splendid soldier, and rendered inestimable services to the See also:empire. The controversy relating to Hodson's moral character is very complicated and unpleasant. Upon Hodson's side see Rev. G. Hodson, Hodson of Hodson's Horse (1883), and L. J. Trotter, A Leader of Light Horse (1901) ; against him, R. See also:Bosworth See also:Smith, Li of See also:Lord See also:Lawrence, appendix to the 6th edition of 1885; T. R.

See also:

Holmes, See also:History of the Indian Mutiny, appendix N to the 5th edition of 1898, and Four Famous Soldiers by the same author, 1889; and General Sir Crawford Chamberlain, Remarks on See also:Captain Trotter's See also:Biography of See also:Major IV. S. R. Hodson (1901).

End of Article: HODSON, WILLIAM STEPHEN RAIKES (1821-1858)

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