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MAIDSTONE , a See also:market See also:town and municipal and See also:parliamentary See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough, and the See also:county town of See also:Kent, See also:England, 41 M. E.S.E. of See also:London by the See also:South Eastern & See also:Chatham railway. Pop. (1901), 33,516; See also:area, 4008 acres. It lies principally on the eastern See also:bank of the See also:river See also:Medway, the See also:modern See also:part spreading over the western slopes of a picturesque valley, which is intersected and environed by orchards and See also:hop gardens, this being the richest agricultural See also:district of Kent. The hop grounds See also:form the so-called See also:middle growth of Kent, and the town has the See also:principal See also:grain market in the county. See also:Archbishop See also:Boniface in 1260 established a See also:hospital here (See also:Newark hospital) for poor pilgrims, the See also:chapel of which, with modern additions, is now St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church. The See also:parish church of St See also:Mary, which had existed from See also:Norman times, was demolished in 1395 by Archbishop See also:Courtenay, who erected on the site the See also:present church of All
See also:prince or feudal See also:superior, for the purpose, primarily, of See also:education, goes back to See also:early feudal times, and is parallel with the sending of boys to See also:act as pages and squires to the feudal castles. The See also:regular See also:establishment of maids of 'See also:honour (filles d'honneur) appears first in the royal See also:court of See also:France. This has usually been attributed to See also:Anne of See also:Brittany, wife of See also:Charles VIII.; she had a See also:group of unmarried girls of high See also:rank at her court as part of her See also:household, in whom she took a lively and parental See also:interest, educating them and bestowing a See also:dowry upon them on their See also:marriage. A slightly earlier instance, however, has been found. When the See also:young See also:Margaret of See also:Austria came to France on her espousal to Charles VIII., broken by his marriage to Anne of Brittany, there were in her See also:train several filles d'honneur, whose names appear in the Comptes d'argenterie de la reine See also:Marguerite d'Autriche, from 1484–1485 and 1488-1489 (Archives de l'See also:empire K.K. 8o and 81 quoted by A. Jai, Dictionnaire critique de biographie et d'histoire). It is from the days of See also:Francis I. that the chroniques scandaleuses begin which circle See also:round the maids of honour of the See also:French court. The maids of See also:Catherine de See also:Medici, celebrated as the " flying See also:squadron," l'escadron volant, are See also:familiar from the pages of See also:Pierre de 1'Estoil'e (1574-1611) and See also:Brantome. Among those whose beauty Catherine used in her See also:political intrigues, the most famous were Isabelle de Limeuil, Mlle de See also:Montmorency-Fosseux, known as la belle Fosseuse, and See also:Charlotte de Baune. The filles d' honneur, as an institution, were suppressed in the reign of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV., at the instigation of Mme de See also:Montespan—who had been one of them—and their See also:place was taken by the dames de palais. In the See also:English court, this See also:custom of attaching " maids of honour " to the See also:queen's See also:person was no doubt adopted from France. At the present See also:day a queen regnant has eight maids of honour, a queen See also:consort four. They take See also:precedence next after the daughters of barons, and where they have not by right or See also:courtesy a See also:title of their own, they are styled " See also:Honourable."
See also:Saints. This See also:fine Perpendicular See also:building contains, besides many excellent monuments, the richly carved See also:sedilia and the twenty-eight See also:oak seats used by the collegiate priests.. Courtenay also founded a See also:college of See also:secular canons, the ruins of which are an interesting specimen of 14th-See also:century See also:architecture. From the reign of See also:John until the See also:Reformation the archbishops had a See also:residence here, at which See also:Stafford and Courtenay died. This Perpendicular building, with its Elizabethan See also:east front, was acquired by the See also:corporation as a memorial of Queen See also:Victoria's See also:Jubilee in 1887, and houses the school of See also:science and See also:art. The rectory, with the See also:manor, passed into See also:lay hands at the Reformation; and, having been a perpetual curacy for three See also:hundred and twenty years, the living became a vicarage in 1866. The See also:grammar school was founded in 1549, and endowed with the estates of the See also:local Corpus Christi fraternity, then dissolved; the See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall in which the gild assembled remains, but the school is established in modern buildings on a new site. There are oil-See also:mills, rope, sacking and twine factories, and See also:cement, See also:lime, and See also:brick See also:works. There is a considerable carrying See also:trade on the Medway. A museum, with public library, was opened in 1858, in an interesting building of the early part of the 16th century. This is the headquarters of the Kent Archaeological Society, founded by the Rev. L. B. Larking in 1858. In 1890 an art See also:gallery was added. The See also:West Kent and See also:General hospital, the county ophthalmic hospital, county See also:gaol and See also:barracks may be mentioned among other institutions. From Saxon times down to 1830 condemned malefactors were executed, and all the See also:great county meetings were held, on Penenden See also:Heath, a See also:common situated about a mile See also:north-east of the town, and enclosed by the corporation as a public recreation ground. The parliamentary borough of Maidstone returns one member. The town is governed by a See also:mayor, 6 aldermen and 18 councillors.
There is See also:evidence of a See also:Roman See also:settlement at Maidstone. The name Maidstone (Medwegestun, Meddestane, Maydestan), probably meaning Medway Town, is presumably of Saxon origin. At the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the Domesday Survey it belonged to the archbishop of See also:Canterbury, and from the reign of John the archbishops had a residence there. Its position in the centre of Kent gave it an early importance; the See also:shire-See also:moot was held on Penenden Heath in the 11th century, and Maidstone was an See also:assize town in the reign of See also:Edward I. In 1537 See also:Cranmer ex-changed the manor of Maidstone with the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, and it was granted by Edward VI. to See also:Sir See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Wyatt. Edward also incorporated the town by the title of the mayor, jurats and commonalty; it had formerly been governed by a portreve and 12 " brethren." This See also:charter was forfeited through Wyatt's See also:rebellion; a second charter was granted by See also:Elizabeth in 1J59 and confirmed by subsequent sovereigns. A new charter constituting a governing See also:body of a mayor, 12 jurats and 40 common councilmen was given at the See also:petition of the inhabitants by See also:George II. in 1747, and remained the governing charter until 1835. Four fairs were granted by the charter of 1559; these are now held on the 13th of See also:February, the 12th of May, the loth of See also:June and the 17th of See also:October. A See also:Thursday market was granted by See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry III. to Archbishop Boniface, and a market every second Tuesday in the See also:month by charter of George II. A See also:corn market on Tuesday and a See also:cattle market on Thursday are still held. The manufacture of See also:linen and woollen goods was introduced by See also:Walloons, who settled here in 1567. This was succeeded by See also:paper-making, now the See also:chief See also:industry of the town. The cultivation of hops has been carried on since the 17th century.
Maidstone has been associated with various incidents of general See also:history. Wat See also:Tyler See also:broke into the See also:prison, liberated John See also:Ball the See also:rebel preacher, and committed various depredations. Several of the leading inhabitants joined See also:Jack See also:Cade's rising. The rising of the Kentish Royalists in 1648 collapsed at Maidstone, where on the 1st of June See also:Fairfax, after five See also:hours' obstinate fighting, captured the town at midnight.
See Victoria County History, Kent; I. M. See also:- RUSSELL (FAMILY)
- RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
- RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
- RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
- RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
- RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
- RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
- RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
- RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
- RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )
Russell, History of Maidstone (1881).
End of Article: MAIDSTONE
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