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THOMAS STANLEY

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Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 65 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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THOMAS See also:STANLEY , 1st See also:earl of See also:Derby (c. 1435-1504), was the son of Thomas Stanley, who was created See also:Baron Stanley in 1456 and died in 1459. His grandfather, See also:Sir See also:John Stanley (d. 1414), had founded the fortunes of his See also:family by marrying See also:Isabel Lathom, the heiress of a See also:great See also:estate in the See also:hundred of See also:West Derby in See also:Lancashire; he was See also:lieutenant of See also:Ireland in 1389-1391, and again in 1399-1401, and in 1405 received a See also:grant of the lordship of See also:Man from See also:Henry IV. The future earl of Derby was a See also:squire to Henry VI. in 1454, but not See also:long afterwards married Eleanor, daughter of the Yorkist See also:leader, See also:Richard See also:Neville, earl of See also:Salisbury. At the See also:battle of Blore See also:Heath in See also:August 1459 Stanley, though See also:close at See also:hand with a large force, did not join the royal See also:army, whilst his See also:brother See also:William fought openly for See also:York. In 1461 Stanley was made See also:chief See also:justice of See also:Cheshire by See also:Edward IV., but ten years later he sided with his brother-in-See also:law See also:Warwick in the Lancastrian restoration. Nevertheless, after Warwick's fall, Edward made Stanley steward of his See also:household. Stanley served with the See also:king in the See also:French expedition of 1475, and with Richard of See also:Gloucester in See also:Scotland in 1482. About the latter date he married, as his second wife, See also:Margaret See also:Beaufort, See also:mother of the exiled Henry Tudor. Stanley was one of the executors of Edward IV., and was at first loyal to the See also:young king Edward V. But he acquiesced in Richard's usurpation, and retaining his See also:office as steward avoided any entanglement through his wife's See also:share in See also:Buckingham's See also:rebellion.

He was made See also:

constable of See also:England in See also:succession to Buckingham, and granted See also:possession of his wife's estates with a See also:charge to keep her in some See also:secret See also:place at See also:home. Richard could not well afford to See also:quarrel with so powerful a See also:noble, but See also:early in 1485 Stanley asked leave to retire to his estates in Lancashire. In the summer Richard, suspicious of his continued See also:absence, required him to send his eldest son, See also:Lord See also:Strange, to See also:court as a See also:hostage. After Henry of See also:Richmond had landed, Stanley made excuses for not joining the king ; for his son's See also:sake he was obliged to temporize, even when his brother William had been publicly proclaimed a traitor. Both the Stanleys took the See also:field; but whilst William was in treaty with Richmond, Thomas professedly supported Richard. On the See also:morning of See also:Bosworth (August 22), Richard summoned Stanley to join him, and when he received an evasive reply ordered Strange to be executed. In the battle it was William Stanley who turned the See also:scale in Henry's favour, but Thomas, who had taken no See also:part in the fighting, was the first to salute the new king. Henry VII. confirmed Stanley in all his offices, and on the 27th of See also:October created him earl of Derby. As See also:husband of the king's mother Derby held a great position, which was not affected by the See also:treason of his brother William in See also:February 1495. In the following See also:July the earl entertained the king and See also:queen with much See also:state at Knowsley. Derby died on the 29th of July 1504. Strange had escaped See also:execution in 1485, through neglect to obey Richard's orders; but he died before his See also:father in 1497, and his son Thomas succeeded as second earl.

An old poem called The See also:

Song of the See also:Lady Bessy; which was written by a See also:retainer of the Stanleys, gives a romantic See also:story of how Derby was enlisted by See also:Elizabeth of York in the cause of his wife's son. For See also:fuller narratives see J. See also:Gairdner's Richard III. and J. H. See also:Ramsay's See also:Lancaster and York; also Seacome's See also:Memoirs of the See also:House of Stanley (1741). (C. L.

End of Article: THOMAS STANLEY

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