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CANDLISH, ROBERT SMITH (1806—1873)

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Originally appearing in Volume V05, Page 180 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CANDLISH, See also:ROBERT See also:SMITH (1806—1873) , Scottish divine, was See also:born at See also:Edinburgh on the 23rd of See also:March 1.806, and spent his See also:early years in See also:Glasgow, where he graduated in 1823. During the years 1823—1826 he went through the prescribed course at the divinity See also:hall, then presided over by Dr See also:Stevenson MacGill, and on leaving, accompanied a See also:pupil as private See also:tutor to See also:Eton, where he stayed two years. In 1829 he entered upon his See also:life's See also:work, having been licensed to preach during the summer vacation of the previous See also:year. After See also:short assistant pastorates at St See also:Andrew's, Glasgow, and Bonhill, See also:Dumbartonshire, he obtained a settled See also:charge as See also:minister of the important See also:parish of St See also:George's, Edinburgh. Here he at once took the See also:place he so See also:long held as one of the ablest preachers in See also:Scotland. Destitute of natural oratorical gifts and somewhat ungainly in his manner, he attracted and even riveted the See also:attention of his See also:audience by a rare See also:combination of intellectual keenness, emotional fervour, spiritual insight and See also:power of dramatic See also:representation of See also:character and life. His See also:theology was that of the Scottish Calvinistic school, but his sympathetic character combined with strong conviction gathered See also:round him one of the largest and most intelligent congregations in the See also:city. From the very commencement of his See also:ministry in Edinburgh, Candlish took the deepest See also:interest in ecclesiastical questions, and he soon became involved as one of the See also:chief actors in the struggle which was then agitating the Scottish See also:church. His first See also:Assembly speech, delivered in 1839, placed him at once among the leaders of the party that afterwards formed the See also:Free Church, and his See also:influence in bringing about the Disruption of 1843 was inferior only to that of See also:Thomas See also:Chalmers. See also:Great as was his popularity as a preacher, it was in the See also:arena of ecclesiastical debate that his ability chiefly showed itself, and probably no other single See also:man had from first to last so large a See also:share in shaping the constitution and guiding the policy of the Free Church. He took his stand on two principles: the right of the See also:people to choose their ministers, and the See also:independence of the church in things spiritual. On his See also:advice See also:Hugh See also:Miller was appointed editor of the See also:Witness, the powerful Free Church See also:organ.

He was actively engaged at one See also:

time or other in nearly all the various schemes of the church, but See also:special mention should be made of his services on the See also:education See also:committee, of which he was convener from 1846 to 1863, and in the unsuccessful negotiations for See also:union among the non-established Presbyterian denominations of Scotland, which were carried on during the years 1863—1873. In the Assembly of 1861 he filled the See also:moderator's See also:chair. As a theologian the position of Candlish was perhaps inferior to that which he held as a preacher and ecclesiastic, but it was not inconsiderable. So early as 1841 his reputation in this See also:department was sufficient to secure for him the See also:government nomination to the newly founded chair of Biblical See also:criticism in the university of Edinburgh. Owing to the opposition of See also:Lord See also:Aberdeen, however, the presentation was cancelled. In See also:CANDOLLE 1847 Candlish, who had received the degree of D.D. from See also:Prince-ton, New See also:Jersey, in 1841, was chosen by the Assembly of the Free Church to succeed Chalmers in the chair of divinity in the New See also:College, Edinburgh. After partially fulfilling the duties of the See also:office for one session, he was led to resume the charge of St George's, the clergyman who had been chosen by the See also:congregation as his successor having died before entering on his work. In 1862 he succeeded See also:William See also:Cunningham as See also:principal of New College with the understanding that he should still retain his position as minister of St George's. He died on the 19th of See also:October 1873. Though his greatest power was not displayed through the See also:press, Candlish made a number of contributions to theological literature. In 1842 he published the first See also:volume of his Contributions towards the Exposition of the See also:Book of See also:Genesis, a work which was completed in three volumes several years later. In 1854 he delivered, in See also:Exeter Hall, See also:London, a lecture on the Theological Essays of the Rev.

F. D. See also:

Maurice, which he after-wards published, along with a See also:fuller examination of the See also:doctrine of the essays. In this he defended the forensic aspect of the See also:gospel. A See also:treatise entitled The See also:Atonement; its Reality, Completeness and Extent (1861) was based upon a smaller work which first appeared in 1845. In 1864 he delivered the first See also:series of Cunningham lectures, taking for his subject The See also:Father-See also:hood of See also:God. Published immediately afterwards, the lectures excited considerable discussion on See also:account of the See also:peculiar views they represented. Further illustrations of these views were given in two See also:works published about the same time as the lectures, one a treatise On the Sonship and Brotherhood of Believers, and the other an exposition of the first See also:epistle of St See also:John. See William See also:Wilson, Memorials of R. S. Candlish, D.D., with a See also:chapter on his position as a theologian by Robert See also:Rainy.

End of Article: CANDLISH, ROBERT SMITH (1806—1873)

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CANDOLLE, AUGUSTIN PYRAME DE (1778—1841)