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See also:CHARLES VI . (1368-1422), See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:France, son of Charles V. and Jeanne of See also:Bourbon, was See also:born in See also:Paris on the 3rd of See also:December 1368. He received the See also:appanage of See also:Dauphine at his See also:birth, and was thus the first of the princes of France to See also:bear the See also:title of dauphin from See also:infancy. Charles V. had entrusted his See also:education to Philippe de See also:Mezieres, and had fixed his See also:majority at fourteen. He succeeded to the See also:throne in 138o, at the See also:age of twelve, and the royal authority was divided between his paternal uncles, See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis, See also:duke of See also:Anjou, See also:John, duke of See also:Berry, See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip the Bold, duke of See also:Burgundy,and his See also:mother's See also:brother,Louis II.,duke of Bourbon. In accordance with an See also:ordinance of the See also:late king the duke of Anjou became See also:regent, while the guardianship of the See also:young king, together with the See also:control of Paris and See also:Normandy, passed to the See also:dukes of Burgundy and Bourbon, who were to be assisted by certain of the councillors of Charles V. The duke of Berry, excluded by this arrangement, was compensated by the See also:government of See also:Languedoc and See also:Guienne. Anjou held the regency for a few months only,until the king's See also:coronation in See also:November 1380. He enriched himself from the See also:estate of Charles V. and by excessive exactions, before he set out in 1382 for See also:Italy to effect the See also:conquest of See also:Naples. Considerable discontent existed in the See also:south of France at the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the See also:death of Charles V., and when the duke of Anjou re-imposed certain taxes which the late king had remitted at the end of his reign, there were revolts at See also:Puy and See also:Montpellier. Paris, See also:Rouen, the cities of See also:Flanders, with See also:Amiens, See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans, See also:Reims and other See also:French towns, also See also:rose (1382) in revolt against their masters. The Maillotins, as the Parisian insurgents were named from the weapon they used, gained the upper See also:hand in Paris, and were able temporarily to make terms, but the See also:commune of Rouen was abolished, and the Tuchins, as the marauders in Languedoc were called, were pitilessly hunted down. Charles VI. marched to the help of the See also:count of Flanders against the insurgents headed by Philip See also:van See also:Artevelde, and gained a See also:complete victory at Roosebeke (November 27th, 1382). Strengthened by this success the king, on his return to Paris in the following See also:January, exacted vengeance on the citizens by fines, executions and the suppression of the privileges of the See also:city. The help sent by the See also:English to the Flemish cities resulted in a second Flemish See also:campaign. In 1385 See also:Jean de See also:Vienne made an unsuccessful descent on the Scottish See also:coast, and Charles equipped a See also:fleet at See also:Sluys for the invasion of See also:England,. but a See also:series of delays ended in the destruction of the See also:ships by the English.
In 1385 Charles VI. married See also:Elizabeth, daughter of See also:Stephen II., duke of See also:Bavaria, her name being gallicized as Isabeau. Three years later, with the help of his brother, Louis of Orleans, duke of See also:Touraine, he threw off the tutelage of his uncles, whom he replaced by See also:Bureau de la See also:Riviere and others among his See also:father's counsellors, nicknamed by the royal princes the marmousets because of their humble origin. Two years later he deprived the duke of Berry of the government of Languedoc. The opening years of Charles VI.'s effective See also:rule promised well, but excess in gaiety of all kinds undermined his constitution, and in 1392 he had an attack of madness at Le Mans, when on his way to See also:Brittany to force from John V. the surrender of his See also:cousin See also:Pierre de Craon, who had tried to assassinate the See also:- CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
- CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
- CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
- CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
- CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)
constable See also:Olivier de See also:Clisson in the streets of Paris. Other attacks followed, and it became evident that Charles was unable permanently to sustain the royal authority. Clisson, Bureau de la Riviere, Jean de See also:Mercier, and the other marmousets were driven from See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office, and the royal dukes regained their See also:power. The rivalries between the most powerful of these—the duke of Burgundy, who during the king's attacks of madness practically ruled the See also:country, and the duke of Orleans—were a See also:constant menace to See also:peace. In 1396 peace with England seemed assured by the See also:marriage of See also:Richard II. with Charles VI.'s daughter See also:Isabella, but the Lancastrian revolution of 1399 destroyed the See also:diplomatic advantages gained by this See also:union. In France the country was disturbed by the papal See also:schism. At an See also:assembly of the See also:clergy held in Paris in 1398 it was resolved to refuse to recognize the authority of See also:Benedict XIII., who succeeded See also:Clement VII. as schismatic See also:pope at See also:Avignon. The question became a partyone; Benedict was supported bysLouis of Orleans, while Philip the Bold and the university of Paris opposed him. Obedience to Benedict's authority was resumed in 1403, only to be with-See also:drawn again in 1408, when the king declared himself the See also:guardian and See also:protector of the French See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, which was indeed for a time self-governing. Edicts further extending the royal power in ecclesiastical affairs were even issued in 1418, after the schism was at an end.
The king's intelligence became yearly feebler, and in 1404 the death of Philip the Bold aggravated the position of affairs. The new duke, John the Fearless, did not immediately replace his father in See also:general affairs, and the See also:influence of the duke of Orleans increased. See also:Queen Isabeau, who had generally supported the Burgundian party, was now practically separated from her See also:husband, whose madness had become pronounced. She was replaced by a young Burgundian See also:lady, Odette de Champdivers, called by her contemporaries la petite reine, who rescued the See also:ling from the See also:state of neglect into which he had fallen. Isabeau of Bavaria was freely accused of intrigue with the duke of Orleans. She was from time to time regent of France, and as her policy was directed by See also:personal considerations and by her love of splendour she further added to the general See also:distress. The relations between John the Fearless and the duke of Orleans became more embittered, and on the 23rd of November 1407 Orleans was murdered in the streets of Paris at the instigation of his See also:rival.
The young duke Charles of Orleans married the daughter of the Gascon count See also:Bernard VII. of See also:Armagnac, and presently formed alliances with the dukes of Berry, Bourbon and Brittany, and others who formed the party known as the Armagnacs (see ARMAGNAC), against the Burgundians who had gained the upper hand in the royal See also:council. In 1411 John the Fearless contracted an See also:alliance with See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry IV. of England, and See also:civil See also:war began in the autumn, but in 1412 the Armagnacs in their turn sought English aid, and, by promising the See also:sovereignty of See also:Aquitaine to the English king, gave John the opportunity of posing as defender of France. In Paris the Burgundians were hand in hand with the See also:corporation of the butchers, who were the leaders of the Parisian populace. The malcontents, who took their name from one of their number, See also:Caboche, penetrated into the See also:palace of the dauphin Louis, and demanded the surrender of the unpopular members of his See also:household. A royal ordinance, promising reforms in See also:administration, was promulgated on the 27th of May 1413, and some of the royal advisers were executed. The king and the dauphin, powerless in the hands of Duke John and the Parisians, appealed secretly to the Armagnac princes for deliverance. They entered Paris in See also:September; the ordinance extracted by the Cabochiens was rescinded; and See also:numbers of the insurgents were banished the city.
In the next See also:year Henry V. of England, after concluding an alliance with Burgundy, resumed the pretensions of See also:Edward III. to the See also:crown of France, and in 1415 followed the disastrous See also:battle of See also:Agincourt. The two See also:elder sons of Charles VI., Louis, duke of Guienne, and John, duke of Touraine, died in 1415 and 1417, and Charles, count of Ponthieu, became See also:heir apparent. Paris was governed by Bernard of Armagnac, constable of France, who expelled all suspected of Burgundian sympathies and treated Paris like a conquered city. Queen Isabeau was imprisoned at See also:Tours, but escaped to Burgundy. The See also:capture of Paris by the Burgundians- on the 29th of May 1418 was followed by a series of horrible massacres of the Armagnacs; and in See also:July Duke John and Isabeau, who assumed the title of regent, entered Paris. Meanwhile Henry V. had completed the conquest of Normandy. The See also:murder of John the Fearless in 1419 under the eyes of the dauphin Charles threw the Burgundians definitely into the arms of the English, and his successor Philip the See also:Good, in See also:concert with Queen Isabeau, concluded (1420) the treaty of See also:Troyes with Henry V., who became See also:master of France. Charles VI. had See also:long been of no See also:account in the government, and the state of neglect in which he existed at Senlis induced Henry V. to undertake the re-organization of his household. He came to Paris in September 1422, and died on the 21st of See also:October.
The See also:chief authorities for the reign of Charles VI. are: Chronica Caroli VI., written by a See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk of See also:Saint See also:Denis, commissioned officially to write the See also:history of his time, edited by C. Bellaguet with a French See also:translation (6 vols., 1839—1852) Jean See also:Juvenal See also:des See also:Ursins, Chronique, printed by D. See also:Godefroy in Histoire de Charles VI (1653), chiefly an abridgment of the monk of St Denis's narrative; a fragment of the Grandes Chroniques de Saint Denis covering the years 1381 to 1383 (ed. J. Pichon 1864) ; See also:correspondence of Charles VI. printed by See also:Champollion-See also:Figeac in Lettres de rois, vol. ii.; Choix de pieces inedites rel. an reine de Charles VI (2 vols., 1863—1864), edited by L. Douet d'Arcq for the Societe de 1'Histoire de France; J. See also:Froissart, Chroniques; Enguerrand de See also:Monstrelet, Chroniques, covering the first See also:half of the 15th See also:century (Eng. trans., 4 vols., 18o9); Chronique des quatre premiers See also:Valois, by an unknown author, ed. S. Luce (1862). See also E. See also:Lavisse, Hist. de France, iv. 267 seq. ; E. See also:Petit,
Sejours de Charles VI," See also:Bull. du See also:cone des travaux hist. (1893) Vallet de Viriville, Isabeau de Baviere," Revue francaise (1858—1859) ; M. See also:Thibaut, Isabeau de Baviere (1903).
End of Article: CHARLES VI
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