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NEW HAVEN , the largest See also:city of See also:Connecticut, U.S.A., the See also:county-seat of New Haven and the seat of Yale University. It is co-extensive with the township of New Haven (though there is both a township and a city See also:government), and lies in the See also:south-western See also:part of the See also:state, about 4 M. from See also:Long See also:Island See also:Sound, at the See also:head of New Haven See also:Bay, into which empty three small streams, the Quinnipiac, the See also:- MILL
- MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
- MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
- MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
- MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)
Mill and the See also:West See also:rivers. Pop. (1890) 81,298; (1900) 108,027, of whom 30,802 were See also:foreign-See also:born, including 10,491 Irish, 5262 Italians, 4743 Germans, 3193 Russians and 1376 Swedes; (1910 See also:census) 133,605. See also:Land See also:area (1906) 17.91 sq. m., of which more than one-See also:half was annexed since 'goo. New Haven is served by the See also:main See also:line and five branches of the New See also:York, New Haven & See also:Hartford railway, by three inter-See also:urban electric lines and by two steamship lines connecting with New York. The city is built on a level, sandy See also:plain, in the See also:rear of which is a line of hills terminating in two spurs, See also:East See also:Rock and West Rock, respectively 36o and 400 ft. high and 2 M. and 24 M. distant from the See also:Green. On East Rock is a See also:monument to the Connecticut soldiers who See also:fell in the See also:War of See also:Independence, the War of 1812, the Mexican War and the See also:Civil War; on the West Rock is a See also:cave, " See also:Judges' Cave, in which the regicides See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Goffe and See also:Edward See also:Whalley are said to have concealed themselves when sought for by royal See also:officers in 1661. The central and older portion of the city is laid out in squares surrounding a public Green of 16 acres, which was in former days the centre of religious and social See also:life. New Haven is popularly known as the "City of Elms," because of the number of these trees. Besides the Green there are 12 other parks, ranging from 6 to 300 acres in area, four of them being on the See also:water front, along the See also:harbour. On the west See also:side of the city is Edgewood See also:Park (120 acres); on the See also:north is See also:Beaver See also:Pond Park (Too acres); and East and West Rocks, mentioned above, have been made into suburban parks.
Among the public buildings and places of See also:interest are the three churches on the Green, built in 1814; Center See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church (Congregational), in the rear of which is the See also:grave of See also:John Dixwell (16o8–1689), one of the regicides; See also:United (formerly known as North) Church (Congregational), and Trinity Church, which belongs to one of the See also:oldest See also:Protestant Episcopal congregations in Connecticut. On the north-western side of the Green are the buildings of Yale University (q.v.); the " See also:college " campus is the square enclosed by College, See also:Chapel, High and See also:Elm streets, with Battell Chapel at its eastern corner, Farnam, See also:- LAWRENCE
- LAWRENCE (LAURENTIUS, LORENZO), ST
- LAWRENCE, AMOS (1786—1852)
- LAWRENCE, AMOS ADAMS (1814–1886)
- LAWRENCE, GEORGE ALFRED (1827–1876)
- LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR LAWRENCE, 1ST BARON (1811-1879)
- LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY (1806–1857)
- LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS (1769–1830)
- LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697–1775)
Lawrence, See also:Phelps, Welch and See also:Osborn halls on its south-eastern side, See also:Vanderbilt See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall, Connecticut (or South See also:Middle) Hall, the oldest of the Yale buildings (1750), and the See also:Art School on the See also:southern side, the Library, See also:Dwight Hall and Alumni Hall on the north-western and Durfee Hall on the See also:northern side; farther north of the Green are the Divinity School, the University Campus, on which are the Bicentennial Buildings and Memorial Hall, and, lying between See also:Grove See also:Street and See also:Trumbull Street and Prospect Street and Hillhouse See also:Avenue, the buildings of the See also:Sheffield Scientific School. In the vicinity is the Grove Street See also:Cemetery, in which are the See also:graves of many famous Americans. Besides the University Library, there are a Public Library (1887), containing about 8o,000 vols., the library of the See also:Young Men's See also:Institute (1826) and the collection of the New Haven See also:Colony See also:Historical Society. The city contains a State Normal School and a number of hospitals and charitable institutions.
Among the See also:newspapers of New Haven are the See also:Morning See also:Journal and See also:Courier (1832, Republican), whose weekly edition, the Connecticut See also:Herald and Weekly Journal, was established as the New Haven Journal in 1766; the See also:Palladium (Republican; daily, 1840; weekly, 1828); the Evening See also:Register (See also:Independent; daily, 184o; weekly, 1812); and the See also:Union (1873), a Democraticevening See also:paper. At New Haven also are published several weekly See also:English, See also:German and See also:Italian papers, and a number of See also:periodicals, including the See also:American Journal of See also:Science (1818), the Yale See also:Law Journal (189o) and the Yale See also:Review (1892), a quarterly.
In 'goo New Haven was the most important manufacturing centre in Connecticut, and in 1905 it was second only to See also:Bridgeport in the value of its factory product. In 1905 its establishments numbered 490. The See also:principal manufactures are hardware, foundry and See also:machine See also:shop products, See also:ammunition and See also:fire-arms (the See also:Winchester See also:Company), carriages and wagons, See also:malt liquors, paper boxes and corsets. See also:Meat packing is also an important See also:industry. In 1905 the See also:total See also:capital invested in manufacturing was $31,412,715 and the total product $39,666,118 (a gain of 13.7% since 'goo). Commercially, New Haven is primarily a distributing point for the See also:Atlantic seaboard, but the city is a See also:port of :entry, and foreign See also:commerce (almost exclusively importing) is carried on to some extent, the imports in 1909 being valued at $404,805. In 1908 the assessed valuation of real and See also:personal See also:property was $119,592,508, the See also:net See also:debt was $3,854,498 and the See also:rate of See also:taxation was 14.75 See also:mills on the See also:dollar.
Under a See also:charter of 1899, as amended afterwards, the city government, which has almost entirely superseded the See also:town government, is in the hands of a See also:mayor, who holds See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office for two years and appoints most of the administrative officers, except a See also:board of aldermen (of whom each has a two-See also:year See also:term, six are chosen from the city at large and the others one each from each See also:- WARD
- WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
- WARD, ARTEMUS
- WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
- WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
- WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
- WARD, JAMES (1843– )
- WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
- WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
- WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
- WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
- WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)
ward, the even-numbered wards electing their representatives one year and the See also:odd-numbered the next), a city clerk, See also:con-troller, See also:sheriff, treasurer and tax See also:collector, all chosen by popular See also:vote, and an assistant clerk, appointed by the board of aldermen.
The first See also:settlement in New Haven (called Quinnipiac, its See also:Indian name, until 164o) was made in the autumn of 1637 by a party of explorers in See also:search of a site for colonization for a See also:band of Puritans, led by See also:Theophilus See also:Eaton and the Rev. John See also:Davenport, who had arrived at See also:Boston, See also:Massachusetts, from See also:England in See also:July 1637. In the following See also:spring a permanent settlement was made. It was governed under a " See also:plantation See also:covenant " until the 4th of See also:June 1639, when, at a See also:general See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting, the " See also:free planters " adopted the fundamental principles of a new government. They agreed that the Scriptures should be their See also:guide in civil affairs, and that only approved church members should be admitted to the See also:body politic; twelve men were appointed to choose seven men ("seven pillars") who should found the church and admit to its See also:original membership such planters as they thought properly qualified. This having been done, the first General See also:Court of which there is See also:record met on the 25th of See also:October. At this court the members of the new church, together with six members of other approved churches, were admitted to citizenship; a See also:magistrate, four assistants, a secretary and a See also:- CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
- CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
- CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
- CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
- CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)
constable were chosen as the civil officers; See also:annual elections and an annual session of the General Court in the last See also:week of October were agreed upon; English See also:statute and See also:common law were expressly excluded; and the " worde of See also:God was adopted as the onely See also:rule to be attended unto in ordering the affayres of government in this plantation." As thus founded, New Haven was town and colony combined. In 1643–1644 the colony was See also:expanded into the New Haven See also:Jurisdiction, embracing the towns of New Haven, See also:Guilford, See also:Milford, See also:Stamford, and See also:Branford in Connecticut, and, on Long Island, See also:Southold; but this " Jurisdiction " was dissolved in 1664, and all these towns (except Southold) passed under the jurisdiction of Connecticut, according to the Connecticut charter of 1662. The government of the Jurisdiction was of the strictest Puritan type, and although the See also:forty-five " See also:blue See also:laws " which the Rev.
See also:Samuel See also:Peters, in his General See also:History of Connecticut, ascribed to New Haven were much confused with the laws of the other New England colonies and some were See also:mere inventions, yet many of them, and others equally " blue," were actually in operation as enactments or as court decisions in New Haven.
Among those in the Peters's See also:list which are wholly or substantially true are the following: " The judges shall determine controversies without a See also:jury "; " Married persons must live together or be imprisoned "; " A wife shall be See also:good See also:evidence against her See also:husband "; " No See also:minister shall keep school "; " The selectmen, on finding See also:children ignorant, may take them away from their parents and put them into better hands, at the expense of their parents." Among those in the same list which are wholly or in part See also:spurious are : " No woman shall See also:kiss her See also:child on the See also:Sabbath or See also:fasting See also:day," and " No one shall travel, See also:cook victuals, make beds, sweep See also:house, cut See also:hair or shave on the Sabbath day."
One of the most important events in the history of New Haven was the removal hither in October 1716 from See also:Saybrook of the Collegiate School of Connecticut, which See also:developed into Yale University. The See also:period of greatest material prosperity of New Haven in the colonial period began about 1750, when a thriving commerce with other American ports and the West Indies developed. As a port it was notorious for its See also:smuggling and illicit See also:trade. New Haven also had extensive See also:shipbuilding interests. All attempts to enforce the See also:British commercial regulations were ineffectual. On the 22nd of See also:February 1763 a town meeting resolved to encourage colonial manufactures and to refrain from importing from England hats, clothing, See also:leather, See also:gold and See also:silver See also:lace, buttons, See also:cheese, liquors, &c. Two years later Jared See also:Ingersoll (1722–1781), who had been sent to England to protest against the See also:Stamp See also:Act, but had accepted'the office of Stamp Distributor on the See also:advice of See also:Benjamin See also:Franklin, was forced to resign his office. In 1770 most of the merchants agreed not to import goods from England and transferred their trade with New York City, where Loyalist See also:influence was strong, to Boston and See also:Philadelphia. When See also:news of the See also:embargo of the port at Boston arrived at New Haven, a See also:Committee of See also:Correspondence was at once formed; and in the War of Independence the See also:people enthusiastically supported the American cause. On the 5th of July 1779 the See also:place was invaded by a British force under General William See also:Tryon, who intended to See also:burn the town, but met so strong a resistance that he withdrew before the next day. New Haven's commerce suffered severely during the war, but by the See also:close of the first See also:decade of the 19th See also:century it had regained its former importance. When the War of 1812 opened there were fully 600 See also:seamen in the city, practically all of whom were engaged in privateering or in the See also:regular See also:naval service of the United States. Among them was See also:Captain See also:Isaac See also:Hull. In 1815 the See also:Fulton, the first steamboat on Long Island Sound, made its first trip from New York to New Haven. The second See also:quarter of the 19th century was the period of development of See also:railways and manufactures. The period since the Civil War has been marked by a diversification of See also:industries. To that conflict New Haven contributed approximately $30,000,000, and 3000 men, 500 of whom were killed. From 1701 until 1873 New Haven was the See also:joint capital (with Hartford) of Connecticut. New Haven was incorporated as a city in 1784; new charters were secured from the General See also:Assembly of the state in 1869, 1881 and 1899. See also:Fair Haven was annexed to New Haven in 1897.
See Leonard See also:- BACON
- BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
- BACON, FRANCIS (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
- BACON, JOHN (1740–1799)
- BACON, LEONARD (1802–1881)
- BACON, ROGER (c. 1214-c. 1294)
- BACON, SIR NICHOLAS (1509-1579)
Bacon, Thirteen Historical Discourses (New Haven, 1839) ; J. W. See also:Barber, History and Antiquities of New Haven (3rd ed., New Haven, 1870) ; C. H. Levermore, Town and City Government of New Haven, and The See also:Republic of ,New Haven (See also:Baltimore, 1886) ; E. S. See also:Bartlett, Historical Sketches of New Haven (New Haven, 1897) ; Edward E. Atwater, History of the Colony of New Haven to its Absorption into Connecticut (New Haven, 1881) ; H. T. See also:Blake, See also:Chronicles of New Haven Green (New Haven, 1898) ; Records of the Colony of New Haven 1638–1665 (2 vols., Hartford, 1857–1858), edited by C. H. See also:Hoadly; and the Papers and other publications (1865 sqq.) of New Haven Colony Historical Society.
End of Article: NEW HAVEN
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