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AUSTRALIA AND NEW

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 156 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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AUSTRALIA AND NEW See also:ZEALAND New See also:South See also:Wales.—The Australian See also:Magazine was published monthly at See also:Sydney in 1821–1822. This was followed by the South Asian See also:Register (1827), the Australian Quarterly See also:Journal (1828), edited by the Rev. P. N. See also:Wilton, the New South Wales Magazine (1833), the New South Wales See also:Literary, See also:Political and Commercial Advertiser (1835), edited by the See also:eccentric Dr Lhotsky, Tegg's Monthly Magazine (1836), the Australian Magazine (1838), the New South Wales Magazine (1843), the Australian See also:Penny Journal (1848) and many others. The Sydney University Magazine (1855), again published in 1878–1879, and continued as the Sydney University See also:Review, is the first magazine of a high literary See also:standard. The Sydney Magazine of See also:Science and See also:Art (1857) and the See also:Month (1857) were See also:short-lived. Of later magazines the Australian (1878–1881), See also:Aurora australis (1868), and the Sydney Magazine (1878), were the most noteworthy. Of contemporary magazines Dalgety's Review is mainly agricultural, the Australian Magazine (1909) and the Lone See also:Hand (1907) are popular, and the Science of See also:Man is an anthropological review. See Australasian Bibliography (Sydney, 1893) ; G. B. See also:Barton, Literature of N.

S. W. (1866) ; E. A. See also:

Petherick, See also:Catalogue of Books See also:Relating to See also:Australasia. (1899). See also:Victoria.—The See also:Port See also:Phillip Magazine (1843) must be regarded as the first literary venture in Victoria. This was followed by the Australia See also:Felix Magazine (1849), and the Australasian Quarterly Reprint (1850–1851) both published at See also:Geelong, the Illustrated Australian Magazine (1850–1852), the Australian See also:Gold-Digger's Monthly Magazine (1852–1853), edited by See also:James Bonwick, and the See also:Melbourne Monthly Magazine (1855–1856). The Journal of Australasia (1856–1858), the Australian Monthly Magazine (1865–1867), which contained contributions from See also:Marcus See also:Clarke and was continued as the Colonial Monthly (1867–1869), the Melbourne Review (1876–1885) and the Victorian Review (1879–1886) may also be mentioned. The Imperial Review, apparently the See also:work of one See also:pen, has been published since 1879; the Pastoralists' Review appeals more especially to the agricultural community. A Library See also:Record of Australasia was published in 1901–1902. An Australian edition of the Review of Reviews is published at Melbourne.

See " Some Magazines of See also:

Early Victoria," in the Library Record of Australasia, Nos. 2–4 (1901). South Australia.—The South Australian Magazine was issued monthly in 1841-1843, the See also:Adelaide Magazine (1845), the Adelaide See also:Miscellany (1848–1849), and the Wanderer in 1853. The South Australian Twopenny Magazine was published at See also:Plymouth, See also:England, in 1839, and the South Australian Miscellany and New Zealand Review at See also:London in the same See also:year. See T. Gill, Bibliography of South Australia (1886). See also:Tasmania.—The first magazine was See also:Murray's Austral-See also:Asiatic Review, published at See also:Hobart in 1828. The Hobart See also:Town Magazine appeared in 1833-1834, and the See also:Van See also:Diemen's See also:Land Monthly Magazine in 1835. New Zealand.—The New Zealand Magazine, a quarterly, was published at See also:Wellington in 185o. In 1857 appeared the New Zealand Quarterly Review, of little See also:local See also:interest, followed by See also:Chap-man's New Zealand Monthly Magazine (1862), the See also:Southern Monthly Magazine (1863), the Delphic See also:Oracle (1866–187o), the Stoic (1871), the See also:Dunedin Review (1885), the Literary Magazine (1885), the four latter being written by J. G. S.

See also:

Grant, an eccentric See also:genius, the Monthly Review (1888–189o), the New Zealand Illustrated Magazine (1899-1905), chiefly devoted to the See also:light literature of New Zealand subjects, the See also:Maori Record (1905–1907), and the Red See also:Funnel, published since 1905. See T. M. Hocken, Bibliography of New Zealand (1909). See also:WEST INDIES AND See also:BRITISH See also:CROWN COLONIES In See also:Jamaica the Columbian Magazine was founded at See also:Kingston in 1796 and ceased publication in 1800. Two volumes were See also:Calcutta.—The first See also:Indian periodical was the Asiatick Miscellany (Calcutta, 1785–1789), probably edited by F. Gladwin. The Calcutta Monthly Register was published in 1790, and the Calcutta Monthly Journal from 1798 to 1841. Among other early Calcutta magazines were the Asiatic Observer (1823–1824), the Quarterly See also:Oriental Magazine (1824–1827), and the Royal Sporting Magazine (1833–1838). The Calcutta Literary See also:Gazette was published in 1830-1834, and the Calcutta Review, still the most important serial of the Indian See also:Empire, first appeared in 1846 under the editor-See also:ship of See also:Sir J. W. See also:Kaye.

Bombay.—The Bombay Magazine was started in 1811 and lasted but a short See also:

time. The Bombay Quarterly Magazine (1851–1853) gave See also:place to the Bombay Quarterly Review, issued in 1855. See also:Madras.—Madras had a Journal of Literature and Science and the Oriental Magazine and Indian Hurkuru (1819). The Indian See also:Antiquary was started at Bombay in 1872 and still continues. Of other contemporary magazines the Hindustan Review (See also:Allahabad), the See also:Modern Review (Calcutta), the Indian Review (Madras), the Madras Review, a quarterly first published in 1895, and the Calcutta University Magazine (1894), are important. See also:Ceylon.—In Ceylon the Religious and Theological Magazine was started at See also:Colombo in 1833, the Colombo Magazine in 1839, the Ceylon Magazine in 1840, and the Investigator at See also:Kandy in 1841. Of contemporary magazines the Tropical Agriculturist was started in 1881, the Ceylon Literary Register (1886–1896), afterwards the Monthly Literary Register and the Ceylon See also:National Review in 1893. In See also:Burma the quarterly See also:Buddhism appeared in 1904. See also:Singapore had a Journal of the Indian See also:Archipelago from 1847 to 1859, and the See also:Chinese Repository (1832–1851) was edited at Carton by See also:Morrison. See " Periodical Literature in See also:India," in Dark See also:Blue (1872–1873). See also:FRANCE We owe the literary journal to France, where it soon attained to a degree of importance unapproached in any other See also:country. The first See also:idea may be traced in the See also:Bureau d'adresse (1633–1642) of Theophraste See also:Renaudot, giving the proceedings of his conferences upon literary and scientific matters.

About the year 1663 See also:

Mezeray obtained a See also:privilege for a See also:regular literary periodical, which came to nothing, and it was See also:left to See also:Denis de See also:Sallo. counsellor of the See also:parliament of See also:Paris and a man of rare merit and learning, to actually carry the project into effect. The first number of the Journal See also:des savants appeared on the 5th of See also:January 1665, under the assumed name of the sieur d'Hedouville. The See also:prospectus promised to give an See also:account of the See also:chief books published throughout See also:Europe, obituary notices, a review of the progress of science, besides legal and ecclesiastical See also:information and other matters of interest to cultivated persons. The criticisms, however, wounded alike authors and the See also:clergy, and the journal was suppressed after a career of three months. See also:Colbert, seeing the public utility of such a periodical, ordered the See also:abbe Gallois, a contributor of De Sallo's, to re-establish it, an event which took place on the 4th of January 1666. It lingered nine years under the new editor, who was re-placed in 1675 by the abbe de la Roque, and the latter in his turn by the See also:president See also:Cousin, in 1686. From 1701 commenced a new era for the Journal, which was then acquired by the See also:chancellor de Pontchartrain for the See also:state and placed under the direction of a See also:commission of learned men. Just before the Revolution it See also:developed fresh activity, but the troubles of 1792 caused it to be discontinued until 1796, when it again failed to appear after twelve See also:numbers had been issued. In 1816 it was definitely re-established and replaced under See also:government patronage, remaining subject to the chancellor or garde-des-sceaux until 1857, when it was transferred to the See also:control of the See also:minister of public instruction. Since 1903 the organization of the publication has changed. The state See also:subsidy having been withdrawn, the See also:Institute voted a yearly subscription of 10,000 francs and nominated a commission of five members, one for each See also:section, who managed the Journal. Since 1909, however, the various sections have left to the Academie des See also:Inscriptions et Belles Lettres the entire direction of the Journal, while still paying the See also:annual subsidy.

It now restricts itself to See also:

publishing contributions relating to antiquities and the See also:middle ages and Oriental studies. See also:Louis Auguste de See also:Bourbon, See also:sovereign See also:prince of See also:Dombes, having transferred his parliament to Trevoux, set up a See also:printing See also:press, and was persuaded by two See also:Jesuits, See also:Michel le Tellier and Philippe Lalleman, to establish the Memoires pour servir a. l'histoire des sciences et des arts (1701–1767), more familiarly known as the Journal des Trevoux, See also:long the best-informed and best-written journal in France. One feature of its career was its See also:constant See also:appeal for the literary assistance of outsiders. It was continued in a more popular See also:style as Journal des sciences et des See also:beaux-arts (1768–1775) by the abbe Aubert and by the See also:brothers Castilhon (1776-1778), and as Journal de litterature, des sciences, et des arts (1779–1782) by the abbe Grosier. The first legal periodical was the Journal du palais (1672) of See also:Claude Blondeau and See also:Gabriel See also:Gueret, and the first devoted to See also:medicine the Nouvelles decouvertes dans toutes See also:les parties de la medecine (1679) of See also:Nicolas de Blegny, frequently spoken. of as a See also:charlatan, a See also:term which sometimes means simply a man of many ideas. Religious See also:periodicals date from 168o, and the Journal ecclesiastique of the abbe de la Roque, to whom is also due the first medical journal (1683). The prototype of the historico-literary periodical may be discovered in La Clef du See also:cabinet des princes de l'Europe (1704–1706), familiarly known as Journal de See also:Verdun, and carried on under various titles down to 1794. Literary See also:criticism was no more See also:free than political discussion, and no See also:person was allowed to trespass either upon the domain of the Journal des savants or that of the Mercure de France (see See also:NEws-PAPERS) without the See also:payment of heavy subsidies. This was the origin of the clandestine press of See also:Holland, and it was that country which for the next See also:hundred years supplied the ablest periodical criticism from the pens of See also:French See also:Protestant refugees. During that See also:period See also:thirty-one See also:journals of the first class proceeded from these See also:sources. From its commencement the Journal des savants was pirated in Holland, and for ten years a See also:kind of See also:joint issue made up with the Journal des Trevoux appeared at See also:Amsterdam. From 1764 to 1775 See also:miscellaneous articles from different French and See also:English reviews were added to this reprint.

See also:

Bayle, a See also:born journalist and the most able critic of the See also:day, conceived the See also:plan of the Nouvelles de la republique des lettres (1684–1718), which at once became entirely successful and obtained for him during the three years of his control the dictatorship of the See also:world of letters. He was succeeded as editor by La Roque, Barrin, See also:Bernard and Leclerc. Bayle's method was followed in an equally meritorious periodical, the Histoire des ouvrages des Savants (1687–1704) of H. See also:Basnage de Beauval. Another continuator of Bayle was See also:Jean Leclerc, one of the most learned and acute critics of the 18th See also:century, who carried on three reviews—the Bibliotheque universelle et historique (1686–1693), the Bibliotheque choisie (1703–1713), and the Bibliotheque ancienne et moderne (1714–1727). They See also:form one See also:series, and, besides valuable estimates of new books, include See also:original See also:dissertations, articles and See also:biographies like our modern learned magazines. The Journal litteraire (1713-1722, 1729–1736) was founded by a society of See also:young men, who made it a See also:rule to discuss their contributions in See also:common. Specially devoted to English literature were the Bibliotheque anglaise (1716–1728), the Memoires litteraires de la Grande Bretagne (1720–1724), the Bibliotheque britannique (1733–1734), and the Journal britannique (1750–1757) of Maty,' who took for his principle, " pour penser avec liberte it faut penser seul." One of these Dutch-printed reviews was L'Europe savante (1718-1720), founded chiefly by Themiseul de See also:Saint-Hyacinthe, with the intention of placing each See also:separate See also:department under the care of a specialist. The Bibliotheque germanique (1720–1740) was established by Jacques See also:Lenfant to do for See also:northern Europe what the Bibliotheque britannique did for England. It was followed by the Nouvelle bibliotheque germanique (1746–1759). The Bibliotheque raisonnee des ouvrages des savants (1728–1758) was supplementary to Leclerc, and was succeeded by the Bibliotheque des sciences et des beaux-arts (1754–1780). Nearly all of the preceding were produced either at Amsterdam or See also:Rotterdam, and, although out of place in a precise See also:geographical arrangement, really belong to France by the See also:close ties of See also:language and of See also:blood.

Taking up the exact See also:

chronological See also:order again, we find the success of the English See also:essay-papers led to their prompt introduction to the See also:Continent. An incomplete See also:translation of the Spectator was published at Amsterdam in 1714, and many volumes of extracts from the Taller, Spectator and See also:Guardian were issued in France early in the 18th century. See also:Marivaux brought out a Spectateur See also:Francais (1722), which was coldly received; it was followed by fourteen or fifteen others, under the titles of La Spectatrice (1728–1730), Le Radoteur (1775), Le Babillard (1778-1779), &e. Of a similar See also:character was Le Pour et le contre (1723–1740) of the abbe See also:Prevost, which contained anecdotes and criticism, with See also:special reference to See also:Great See also:Britain. Throughout the 18th century, in France as in England, a favourite literary method was to write of social subjects under the assumed character of a foreigner, generally an 1 See also:Matthew Maty, M.D., born in Holland, 1718, died See also:principal librarian of the British Museum, 1776. He settled in England in 1740, published several books, and wrote the See also:preface to See also:Gibbon'‘ first work, Etude de la litterature. published of a New Jamaica Magazine which was started about 1798. The Jamaica Magazine (1812–1813), the Jamaica Monthly Magazine (1844–1848), and the Victoria Quarterly (1889–1892), which contained many valuable articles on the West Indies, were other magazines. The West Indian Quarterly was published at See also:George-town, British See also:Guiana, from 1885 to 1888. At See also:Georgetown was also published the well-known Timehri (1882–1898) which contained many important See also:historical articles. In See also:Trinidad the Trinidad Monthly Magazine was started in 1871, and the See also:Union Magazine in 1892. See also:Malta had a Malta Penny Magazine in 1839–1841, and the Revue historique et litteraire was founded in See also:Mauritius in 1887.

Many magazines dealing with the colonies have been published in England, such as the Colonial Magazine (1840–1843). See F. Cundall, Bibliographia Jamaicensis (1902–1908).

End of Article: AUSTRALIA AND NEW

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