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See also:Greek.—Athenaeus quotes 35 writers of See also:works, known or sup-posed to be dictionaries, for, as they are all lost, it is often difficult to decide on their nature. Of these, Anticlides, who lived after the reign of See also: According to Suidas, the most ancient Greek lexicographer was See also:Apollonius the sophist, son of Archibius. According to the See also:common See also:opinion, he lived in the See also:time of See also:Augustus at Alexandria. He composed a See also:lexicon of words used by See also:Homer, Aet eLs 'Osoipn,at , a very valuable and useful See also:work, though much interpolated, edited by See also:Villoison, from a MS. of the loth century, See also:Paris, 1773, 4to, 2 vols. ; and by Tollius, See also:Leiden, 1788, 8vo; ed. See also:Bekker, See also:Berlin, 1833, 8vo. Erotian or Herodian, physician to See also:Nero, wrote a lexicon on See also:Hippo-crates, arranged in alphabetical See also:order, probably by some copyist, whom See also:Klein calls " homo sciolus." It was first published in Greek in H. Stephani Dictionarium Medicum, Paris, 1564, 8vo; ed. Klein, Lipsiae, 1865, 8vo, with additional fragments. See also:Timaeus the sophist, who, according to Ruhnken, lived in the 3rd century, wrote a very See also:short lexicon to See also:Plato, which, though much interpolated,.is of great value, 1st ed. Ruhnken, Leiden, 1754; ed. locupletior, Lugd. See also:Bat. 1789, 8vo. Aelius See also:Moeris, called the Atticist, lived about 190 A.D., and wrote an Attic lexicon, 1st ed. See also:Hudson, Oxf. 1712, Bekker, 1833. See also:Julius See also:Pollux ('Iobaws HoXv3ebic7/s) of See also:Naucratis, in See also:Egypt, died, aged fifty-eight, in the reign of See also:Commodus (180–192), who made him See also:professor of See also:rhetoric at See also:Athens. He wrote, besides other lost works, an Onomasticon in ten books, being a classed vocabulary, intended to See also:supply all the words required by ach subject with the usage of the best authors. It is of the greatest value for the knowledge both of See also:language and of antiquities. First printed by Aldus, See also:Venice, 1500, fol.; often afterwards; ed. Lederlinus and See also:Hemsterhuis, Amst.17o6, 2 -cols.; See also:Dindorf, 1824, 5 vols., Bethe (1900 f.). See also:Harpocration of Alexandria, probably of the 2nd century, wrote a lexicon on the ten Attic orators, first printed by Aldus, Ven. 1503, fol.; ed. Dindorf, See also:Oxford, 1853, 8vo, 2 vols. from 14 See also:MSS. See also:Orion, a grammarian of See also:Thebes, in Egypt, who lived between 390 and 46o, wrote an etymological dictionary, printed by Sturz, See also:Leipzig, 1820, 4t0. Helladius a priest of See also:Jupiter at Alexandria, when the See also:heathen temples there were destroyed by See also:Theophilus in 389 or 391 escaped to See also:Constantinople, where he was living in 408. He wrote an alphabetical lexicon, now lost, chiefly of See also:prose, called by See also:Photius the largest (7roXvo-nxW -arov) which he knew. Ammonius, professor of See also:grammar at Alexandria, and priest of the See also:Egyptian See also:ape, fled to Constantinople with Helladius, and wrote a dictionary of words similar in See also:sound but different in meaning, which has been often printed in Greek lexicons, as Aldus, 1497, Stephanus, and separately by Valckenaer, Lugd. Bat. 1739, 4to, 2 vols., and by others. Zenodotus wrote on the cries of animals, printed in Valckenaer's Ammonius; with this may be compared the work of Vincentio Caralucci, Lexicon vocum quae a brutis animalibus emittuntur, Perusia, 1779, I2mo. See also:Hesychius of Alexandria wrote a lexicon, important for the knowledge of the language and literature, containing many See also:dialectic and See also:local expressions and quotations from other authors, 1st ed. Aldus, Ven. 1514, fol.; the best is See also:Alberti and Ruhnken, Lugd. Bat. 1746–1766, fol. 2 vols. ; collated with the MS. in St See also:Mark's library, Venice, the only MS. existing, by Niels Iversen Schow, Leipzig, 1792, 8vo; ed. See also:Schmidt, See also:Jena, 1867, 8vo. The See also:foundation of this lexicon is supposed to have been that of See also:Pamphilus, an Alexandrian grammarian, quoted by Athenaeus, which, according to Suidas, was in 95 books from E to 0; A to A had been compiled by Zopirion. Photius, consecrated See also:patriarch of Constantinople, 25th See also:December 857, living in 886, See also:left a lexicon, partly extant, and printed with See also:Zonaras, Lips. 1808, 4to, 3 vols., being vol. iii.; ed. Naber, Leidae, 1864–1865, 8vo, 2 vols. The most celebrated of the Greek glossaries is that of Suidas, of whom nothing is known. He probably lived in the loth century. His lexicon is an alphabetical dictionary of words including the names of persons and places—a compilation of extracts from Greek writers, grammarians, scholiasts and lexicographers, very carelessly and unequally executed. It was first printed by See also:Demetrius Chalcondylas, See also:Milan, 1499, fol.; the best edition, See also:Bernhardy, See also:Halle, 1853, 4t0, 2 vols. See also: 4to, 2 vols. An See also:anonymous Greek glossary, entitled 'Erv,uoXoyocbv aiya, Etymologicum magnum, has been frequently printed. The first edition is by See also:Musurus, Venitia, 1499, fol.; the best by See also:Gaisford, Oxonii, 1848, fol. It contains many grammatical remarks by famous authorities, many passages of authors, and mythological and See also:historical notices. The MSS. vary so much that they look like the works of different authors. To Eudocia See also:Augusta of Makrembolis, wife of the emperors See also:Constantine XI. and See also:Romanus IV. (1059 to 1071), was ascribed a dictionary of See also:history and See also:mythology, 'Iwve& (See also:bed of violets), first printed by D'Ansse de Villoison, See also:Anecdote Graeca, Venetiis, 1781, 4to, vol. i. pp. 1–442. It was supposed to have been of much value before it was published. See also: See also:Valpy, Lond. 816–1826, 6 vols. fol. ; Paris, 1831–1865, 9vols.fol., 9902 pages: Ki$wr6s, the See also:ark, was intended to give the whole language, ancient and See also:modern, but vol.'i., Constantinople, 1819, fol., 763 pages, A to A, only appeared, as the publication was put an end to by the events of 1821. See also:ENGLISH.—Jones, London, 1823, 8vo: See also:Dunbar, Edin. 3rd ed. 185o, 4to: See also:Liddell and See also:Scott, 8th ed. Oxford, 1897, 4t0. See also:FRENCH.—Alexandre, 12th ed. Paris, 1863, 8vo; 1869–1871, 2 vols: Chassang, ib. 1872, 8vo. ITALIAN.—Camini, Torino, 1865, 8vo, 972 pages: See also: See also:SPANISH. Diccionario See also:manual, See also:por See also:des padres Esculapios, See also:Madrid, 1859, 8vo. See also:GERMAN.—PaSSOW, 5th ed. Leipzig, 1841–1857, 4to: Jacobitz and Seiler, 4th ed. ib. 1856, 8vo: Benseler, ib. 1859, 8vo : Pape, Braunschweig, 1870-1874, 8vo, 4 vols. Prellwitz, Etymologisches Worterbuch der griechischen Sprache, new edition, 1906: Herwerden, Lexicon Graecum suppletorium et dialecticum, 1902. DIALECTS. Attic: Moeris, ed. See also:Pierson, Lugd. Bat. 1759, 8vo. Attic Orators: See also:Reiske, Oxon.. 1828, 8vo, 2 vols. Doric: See also:Portus, Franckof. 1605, 8vo. Ionic. Id. ib. 1603, 8vo ; 1817 ; 1825. See also:PRosoDY.—Morell, Etonae, 1762, 4t0; ed. Maltby, Lond. 183o, 4to: Brasse, Lond, 185o, 8vo. RHETORIC.—Ernesti, Lips. 1795, 8vo. See also:Music.—Drieberg, Berlin, 1855. See also:ETYMOLOGY.—Curtius, Leipzig, 1858–1862: See also:Lancelot, Paris,1863, 8vo. SYNONYMs.—Peucer, See also:Dresden, 1766, 8vo: Pillon, Paris, 1847, 8vo. PROPER NAMES.—Pape, ed. Sengebusch, 1866, 8vo, 969 pages. VERBs.—Veitch, 2nd ed. Oxf• 1866. TERMINATIONS.—Hoogeveen, Cantab. 1810, 4t0: Pape, Berlin, 1836, 8vo. PARTICULAR AUTHORS.-See also:Aeschylus: Wellauer, 2 vols. Lips. 183o–1831, 8vo. Aristophanes: Caravella, Oxonii, 1822, 8vo. See also:Demosthenes: Reiske, Lips. 1775, 8vo. See also:Euripides: See also:Beck, Cantab. 1.829, 8vo. See also:Herodotus: See also:Schweighauser, See also:Strassburg, 1824, 8vo, 2 vols. See also:Hesiod: Osoruis, Neapol. 1791, 8vo. Homer: Apollonius Sophista, ed. Tollius, Lugd. Bat., 1788, Ovo: Schaufelberger, See also:Zurich, 1761–1768, 8vo, 8 vols.: See also:Crusius, See also:Hanover, 1836, 8vo: Wittich, London, 1843, 8vo: Dederlein, See also:Erlangen, 8vo, 3 vols.: Eberling, Lipsiae, 1875, 8vo: Autenrieth, Leipzig, 1873, 8vo; London, 1877, 8vo. Isocrates: See also:Mitchell, Oxon. 1828, 8vo. See also:Pindar: Portus, Hanov. 1606, 8vo. Plato: Timaeus, ed. See also:Koch, Lips. 1828, 8vo: Mitchell, Oxon. 1832, 8vo: See also:Ast, Lips. 1835–1838, 8vo, 3 vols. See also:Plutarch: See also:Wyttenbach, Lips. 1835, 8vo, 2 vols. See also:Sophocles: Ellendt, Regiomonti, 1834–1835, 8vo ed.; Genthe, Berlin, 1872, 8vo. See also:Thucydides: Bxtant, See also:Geneva, 1843–1847, 8vo, 2 vols. See also:Xenophon: Sturtz, Lips. 1801–1804, 8vo, 4 vols.: Cannesin (Anabas_s, Gr.-Finnish), Helsirgissa, 1868, 8vo: Sauppe, Lipsiae, 1869, 8vo. See also:Septuagint: See also:Hutter, Noribergae, 1598, 4t0: See also:Biel, Hagae, 1779–1780, 8vo. New Testament: Lithocomus, See also:Colon, 1552, 8vo: Parkhurst, ed. See also:Major, London, 1845, 8vo: Schleusner (juxta ed. Lips. quartam), Glasguae, 1824, 4t0. See also:Medieval and Modern Greek.—Meursius, Lugd. Bat. 1614, 4t0: Critopulos, Stendaliae, 1787, 8vo: Portius, See also:Par. 1635, 4to: Du Cange, Paris, 1682, fol., 2 vols.; Ludg. 1688, fol. ENGLISH. —Polymera, Hermopolis, 1854, 8vo: Sophocles, Cambr. See also:Mass. 1860–1887: Contopoulos, Athens, 1867, 8vo; See also:Smyrna, 1868–1870, 8vo, 2 parts, 1042 pages. FRENCH.—Skarlatos, Athens, 1852, 4to: Byzantius, ib. 1856, 8vo, 2 vols.: Varvati, 4th ed. ib., 1860, 8vo. ITALIAN. Germano, Romae, 1622, 8vo: Somavera, Parigi, 1709, fol., 2 vols.: See also:Pericles, Hermopolis, 1857, 8vo. GERMAN.—Schmidt, Lips. 1825–1827, 12mo, 2 vols.: Petraris, Leipz. 1897.POLYGLOTS.—Koniaz (See also:Russian and Fr.), See also:Moscow, 1811, 4to; Schmidt (Fr.-Germ.), Leipzig, 1837–1840, I2mo, 3 vols.: Theocharopulas de See also:Patras (Fr.-Eng.), See also:Munich, 184o, I2mo. Latin.—Johannes de Janua, Catholicon or Summa, finished in 1286, printed Moguntiae 146o, fol.; Venice, 1487; and about 20 See also:editions before 1500: Johannes, Comprehensorium, See also:Valentia, 1475, fol.: See also:Nestor Dionysius, Onomasticon, Milan, 1477, fol.: Stephanus, Paris, 1531, fol., 2 vols.: See also:Gesner, Lips. 1749, fol., 4 vols.: See also:Forcellini, Patavii, 1771, fol., 4 vols. POLYGLOT.—Calepinus, Reggio, 1502, fol. (Aldus printed 16 editions, with the Greek equivalents of the Latin words; Venetiis, 1575, fol., added Italian, French and Spanish; Basileae, 1590, fol., is in 11 See also:languages; several editions, from 1609, are called Octolingue; many of the latter 2 vol. editions were edited by John See also:Facciolati) : Verantius (Ital., Germ.,Dalmatian, Hungarian), Venetiis, 1595, 4to: Lodereckerus (Ital., Germ., Dalm., Hungar., Bohem., See also:Polish), Pragae, 1605, 4t0. ENGLISH. Promptorium parvulorum, compiled in 1440 by Galf rid us Grammaticus, a Dominican monk of See also:Lynn Episcopi, in See also:Norfolk, was printed by Pynson, 1499; 8 editions, 1508–1528, ed. Way, See also:Camden Society, 1843–1865, 3 vols. 4to; Medulla grammaticis, probably by the same author, MS. written 1483; printed as Ortus vocabulorum, by Wynkyn de Worde, 1500; 13 editions 1509–1523 ; See also:Sir Thomas See also:Elyot, London, 1538, fol. ; 2nd ed. 1543; Bibliotheca Eliotae, ed. See also: 1583, fol.: See also:Ainsworth, London, 1736, 4to; ed. See also:Morell, London, 1796, 4t0, 2 vols.; ed. Beatson and See also:Ellis, ib. 186o, 8vo: Scheller, translated by Riddle, Oxford, 1835, fol.: See also: Paris, 1857, 8vo: Theil, 3rd ed. Paris, 1863, 8vo: See also:Freund, ib. 1835–1865, 4to, 3 vols. GERMAN.—JOh. Melber, of Gerolzhofen, Vocabularius praedicantium, of which 26 editions are described by Hain (Repertorium, No. 11,022, &c.), 15 undated. 7 dated 1480–1495, 4to, and 3 after 1504: Vocabularius gemma gemmarum, See also:Antwerp, 1484, 4to; 1487; 12 editions, 1505–1518: Herman Torentinus, Elucidarius carminum, Daventri,1501, 4to; 22 editions,, 504–1536: Binnart, See also:Ant. 1649, 8vo: Id., Biglotton, ib. 1661; 4th ed. 1688: See also:Faber, ed. Gesner, Hagae Com. 1735, fol., 2 vols.: Hederick, Lips. 1766, 8vo, 2 vols.: Ingerslev, Braunschweig, 1835–1855, 8vo, 2 vols.: Thesaurus linguae Latinae, Leipzig, 1900: Walde, Lateinisches etymologisches Worterbuch, 1906. ITALIAN.—Seebar (Sicilian See also:translation of Lebrixa), Venet. 1525, 8vo: Venuti, 1589, 8vo: Galesini, Venez. 1605, 8vo: Bazzarini and See also:Bellini, Torino, 1864, 4to, 2 vols. 3100 pages. SPANIsH.—Salmanticae, 1494, fol. ; See also:Antonio de Lebrixa, Nebrissenis, Compluti, 1520, fol., 2 vols.: See also:Sanchez de la Ballesta, See also:Salamanca, 1587, 4to: Valbuena, Madrid, 1826, fol. PORTUGUESE. 8 Bluteau, See also:Lisbon, 1712-1728, fol., 10 vols: See also:Fonseca, ib. 1771, fol.: See also:Ferreira, Paris, 1834, 4t0; 1852. R0MANSCH.—Promptuario di voci volgari, Valgrisii, 1565, 4to. VLACH.—Divalitu, Bucuresci, 1852, 8vo. See also:SWEDISH.—VOCabula, See also:Rostock, 1574, 8vo; See also:Stockholm, 1579: Lindblom, See also:Upsala, 1790, 4to. DuTCH.—Binnart, Antw. 1649, 8vo: Scheller, Lugd. Bat. 1799, 4t0, 2 vols. FLEMIsH.—Paludanus, Gandavi, 1544, 4t0. POLISH.—Macinius, See also:Konigsberg, 1564, fol.: Garszynski, See also:Breslau, 1823, 8vo, 2 vols. BOHEMIAN.—Johannes Aquensis, Pilsnae,1511, 4to: Reschel, Olmucii,1560 -1562, 4to, 2 vols.: Cnapius, Cracovia, 1661, fol., 3 vols. ILLYRIAN.—Bellosztenecz, Zagrab, 1740, 4to: Jambresich (also Germ. and Hungar.), Zagrab, 1742, 4t0. SERVIAN.—SWOtlik, Budae, 172I, 8vo. HUNGARIAN.—Molnar, Frankf. a. M. 1645, 8vo: Pariz-Papai, Leutschen, 1708, 8vo; 1767. FINNIsH.—Rothsen, Helsingissa, 1864, 8vo. PoETIC.—Epithetorum et synonymorum thesaurus, Paris, 1662, 8vo, attributed to See also:Chatillon; reprinted by See also:Paul Aler, a German Jesuit, as See also:Gradus ad Parnassum, Paris, 1687, 8vo; many subsequent editions: Schirach, See also:Hal. 1768, 8vo: See also:Noel, Paris, 181o, 8vo; 1826: Quicherat, Paris, 1852, 8vo: See also:Young, London, 1856, 8vo. EROTIC.—Rambach, See also:Stuttgart, 1836, 8vo. RHETORICAL.—ErneSti, Lips. 1797, 8vo. See also:CIVIL See also:LAW.—Dirksen, Berolini, 1837, 4to. SYNONYMS.—Hill, Edinb. 1804, 4to: See also:Doderlein, Lips. 1826–1828, 8vo, 6 vols. ETYMOLOGY.—Danet, Paris, 1677, 8vo: See also:Vossius, See also:Neap. 1762, fol., 2 vols.: See also:Salmon, London, 1796, 8vo, 2 vols.: Nagel, Berlin, 1869, 8vo; Latin roots, with their French and English derivatives, explained in German: Zehetmayr, Vindobonae, 1873, 8vo: Vanicek, Leipz. 1874, 8vo. BARBAROUS.—Marchellus, Mediol. 1753, 4to; Krebs, Frankf. a. M. 1834, 8vo; 1837. PARTICULAR AUTHORS.—Caesar: Crusius, Hanov. 1838, 8vo. See also:Cicero: Nizzoli, See also:Brescia, 1535, fol.; ed. Facciolati, Patavii, 1734, fol.; London, 182o, 8vo, 3 vols.: See also:Ernesti, Lips. 1739, 8vo; Halle, 1831. See also:Cornelius See also:Nepos: Schmieder, Halle, 1798, 8vo; 1816: Billerbeck, Hanover, 1825, 8vo. See also:Curtius See also:Rufus: Crusius, Hanov. 1844, 8vo. See also:Horace: Ernesti, Berlin, 1802–1804, 8vo, 3 vols.: During, Leipz. 1829, 8vo. See also:Justin: Meinecke, See also:Lemgo, 1793, 8vo; 2nd ed. 1818. See also:Livy: Ernesti, Lips, 1784, 8vo; ed Schafer, 1804. See also:Ovid: Gierig, Leipz. 181 : (Metamorphoses) Meinecke, 2nd ed., Lemgo,1825, 8vo: Billerbeck (Do.), Hanover, 1831, 8vo. See also:Phaedrus: Oertel, Nurnberg, 1798, 8vo: Horstel, Leipz. 1803, 8vo: Billerbeck Hanover, 1828, 8vo. See also:Plautus: Paraeus, Frankf. 1614, 8vo. See also:Pliny: Denso, Rostock, 1766, 8vo. Pliny, jun.: Wensch, See also:Wittenberg, 1837–1839, 4t0. See also:Quintilian: Bonnellus, Leipz. 1834, 8vo. See also:Sallust: See also:Schneider, Leipz. 1834, 8vo: Crusius, Hanover, 184o, 8vo. See also:Tacitus: Botticher, Berlin, 183o, 8vo. Velleius Paterculus: Koch, Leipz. 1857, 8vo. See also:Virgil: Clavis, London, 1742, 8vo: Braunhard, See also:Coburg, 1834, 8vo. See also:Vitruvius: Rode, Leipz. 1679, 4to, 2 vols.: See also:Orsini, .See also:Perugia, 1801, 8vo. Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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