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KANSAS CITY

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 662 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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KANSAS See also:CITY , a city and See also:port of entry of See also:Jackson See also:county, See also:Missouri, U.S.A., the second in See also:size and importance in the See also:state, situated at the confluence of the Missouri and Kansas See also:rivers, adjoining Kansas City, Kansas, and 235 M. W. by N. of St See also:Louis. Pop. (1890), 132,716; (1900), 163,752, of whom 18,410 were See also:foreign See also:born (See also:German, 4816; Irish, 3507; See also:Swedish, 1869; See also:English, 1863; English-See also:Canadian, 1369; See also:Italian, 1034), and 17,567 were negroes; (1910 See also:census) 248,381. Kansas City, the gateway to the See also:South-See also:west, is one of the leading railway centres of the See also:United States. It is served by the See also:Union Pacific, the Missouri Pacific, the 'Frisco See also:System, the See also:Chicago, See also:Burlington & See also:Quincy, the See also:Atchison, See also:Topeka & See also:Santa Fe, the Chicago See also:Great Western, the Chicago, See also:Milwaukee & St See also:Paul, the Chicago & See also:Alton, the See also:Wabash, the Kansas City See also:Southern, the Chicago, See also:Rock See also:Island & Pacific, the Missouri, Kansas & See also:Texas, the See also:Leaven-See also:worth, Kansas & Western, the Kansas City, See also:Mexico & Orient, the St Louis, Kansas City & See also:Colorado, the Quincy, See also:Omaha & Kansas City, and the St See also:Joseph & See also:Grand Island See also:railways, and by steamboat lines to numerous See also:river ports. The See also:present See also:retail, See also:office, and wholesale sections were once high bluffs and deep ravines, but through and across these well graded streets were constructed. South and west of this highland, along the Kansas river, is a See also:low, level See also:tract occupied chiefly by railway yards, stock yards, wholesale houses and manufacturing establishments; See also:north and See also:east of the highland is a See also:flat See also:section, the Missouri River bottoms, occupied largely by manufactories, railway yards, See also:grain See also:elevators and homes of employes. Much high and dry " made " See also:land has been reclaimed from the river See also:flood-See also:plain. Two great railway See also:bridges across the Missouri, many smaller bridges across the Kansas, and a great inter-state See also:toll viaduct extending from See also:bluff to bluff across the valley of the latter river, See also:lie within the See also:metropolitan See also:area of the two cities. The streets of the Missouri city are generally wide and excellently paved. The city-See also:hall (1890-1893), the See also:court-See also:house (1888-1892), and the Federal See also:Building (1892-1900) are the most imposing of the public buildings.

A See also:

convention hall, 314 ft. See also:long and 198 ft. wide, with a seating capacity of about 15,000, is covered by a See also:steel-See also:frame roof without a See also:column for its support; the exterior of the walls is cut See also:stone and See also:brick. The building was erected within three months, to replace one destroyed by See also:fire, for the See also:National Democratic Convention which met here on the 4th of See also:July 'goo. The Public Library with walls of See also:white See also:limestone and Texas See also:granite, contained (1908) 95,000 volumes. The Congregational, the See also:Calvary Baptist, the Second Presbyterian, the See also:Independence See also:Avenue See also:Christian, the Independence Avenue Methodist, and the Second Christian See also:Science churches are the finest See also:church buildings. The See also:board of See also:trade building, the building of the See also:Star newspaper, and several large office buildings (including the Scarritt, Long, and New See also:York See also:Life See also:Insurance buildings) are worthy of mention. Kansas City has over 2000 acres in public parks; but Swope See also:Park, containing 1354 acres, lies south of the city limits. The others are distributed with a See also:design to give each section a recreation ground within easy walking distance, and all (including Swope) are connected by parkways, boulevards and See also:street-See also:car lines. The Paseo Parkway, 250 ft. wide, extends from N. to S. through the centre of the city for a distance of 22 m., and adjoining it near its See also:middle is the See also:Parade, or See also:principal playground. The city has eight cemeteries, the largest of which are Union, Elmwood, Mt See also:Washington, St See also:Mary's and See also:Forest See also:Hill. The charitable institutions and professional See also:schools included in 1908 about See also:thirty hospitals, several See also:children's homes and homes for the aged, an See also:industrial See also:home, the Kansas City school of See also:law, the University medical See also:college, and the Scarritt training school. The city has an excellent public school system. A Methodist Episcopal institutional church, admirably equipped, was opened in 1906.

The city has a juvenile court, and maintains a See also:

free employment See also:bureau. Kansas City is primarily a commercial centre, and its trade in livestock, grain and agricultural implements is especially large. The See also:annual pure-bred livestock show is of national importance. The city's factory product increased from $23,588,653 in 1900 to $35,573,049 in 1905, or 50'8 %. Natural See also:gas and crude See also:petroleum from Kansas See also:fields became of industrial importance about 1906. Natural gas is used to See also:light the See also:residence streets and to See also:heat many of the residences. Kansas City is one of the few cities in the United States em-powered to frame its own See also:charter. The first was adopted in 1875 and the second in 1889. In 1905 a new charter, See also:drawn on the lines of the See also:model " municipal program " advocated by tilt National Municipal See also:League, was submitted to popular See also:vote, but was defeated by the See also:influence of the saloons and other See also:special interests. The charter of 1908 is a revision of this proposed charter of 1905 with the objectionable features eliminated; it was adopted by a large See also:majority vote. Under the provisions of the charter of 1908 the See also:people elect a See also:mayor, city treasurer, city See also:comptroller, and See also:judges of the municipal court, each for a See also:term of two years. The legislative See also:body is the See also:common See also:council composed of two houses, each having as many members as there are wards in the city—14 in 1908.

The members of the See also:

lower house are elected, one by each See also:ward, in the See also:spring of each even numbered See also:year. The upper house members are elected by the city at large and serve four years. A board of public See also:works, board of park commissioners, board of fire and See also:water commissioners, a board of See also:civil service, a city counsellor, a city auditor, a city See also:assessor, a purchasing See also:agent, and subordinate See also:officers, are appointed by the mayor, without See also:confirmation by the common council. A non-See also:partisan board composed of citizens who must not be physicians has See also:general See also:control of the city's hospitals and See also:health See also:department. A new See also:hospital at a cost of See also:half a million dollars was completed in 1908. The charter provides for a See also:referendum vote on franchises, which may be ordered by the council or by See also:petition of the people, the signatures of 20 % of the registered voters being sufficient to force such See also:election. Public See also:work may be prevented by remonstrance of interested See also:property owners except in certain instances, when the city, by vote of the people, may overrule all remonstrances. A civic league attempts to give a non-partisan estimate of all municipal candidates. The juvenile court, the arts and See also:tenement commissions, the municipal employment bureau, and a park board are provided for by the charter. All the members of the city board of election commissioners and a majority of the See also:police board are appointed by the See also:governor of the state; and the police control the See also:grant of liquor licences. The city is supplied with water drawn from the Missouri river above the mouth of the Kansas or See also:Kaw (which is used as a See also:sewer by Kansas City, Kan.); the See also:main pumping station and settling basins being at Quindaro, several See also:miles up the river in Kansas; whence the water is carried beneath the Kansas, through a See also:tunnel, to a high-pressure distributing station in the west bottoms. The waterworks (See also:direct pressure system) were acquired by the city in 1895.

All other public services are in private hands. The street-railway service is based on a universal 5-cent See also:

transfer throughout the metropolitan area. Some of the first overhead electric trolleys used in the United States were used here in 1885. The first permanent See also:settlement within the present limits of Kansas City, which took its name from Kansas river,' was established by See also:French See also:fur traders about 1821. See also:Westport, a little inland See also:town—platted 1833, a city 1857, merged in Kansas City in 1899—now a fashionable residence See also:district of Kansas City—was a See also:rival of Independence in the Santa Fe trade which she gained almost in Coto in 1844 when the great Missouri flood (the greatest the river has known) destroyed the river landing utilized by Independence. Meanwhile, what is now Kansas City, and was then Westport Landing, being on the river where a See also:swift current wore a rocky See also:shore, steadily increased in importance and overshadowed Westport. But in 1838 lots were surveyed and the name changed to the Town of Kansas. It was officially organized in See also:part in 1847, formally incorporated as a town in 1850, chartered under its present name in 1853, rechartered in 1875, in 1889 and in 1908. Before 1850 it was practically the exclusive eastern See also:terminus on the river for the Santa Fe trade,2 and a great outfitting point for Californian emigrants. The See also:history of this border trade is full of picturesque See also:colour. During the Civil See also:War both Independence and Westport were the See also:scene of battles; Kansas City escaped, but her trade went to Leavenworth, where it had the See also:protection of an See also:army See also:post and a quiet frontier. After the war the railways came, taking away the See also:traffic to Santa Fe, and other cities farther up the Missouri river took over the trade to its upper valley.

In 1866 Kansas City was entered by the first railway from St Louis; 1867 saw the beginning of the packing See also:

industry; in 1869 a railway See also:bridge across the Missouri assured it predominance over Leaven-worth and St Joseph; and since that See also:timeSee also:save for a depression shortly after ago, following a real-See also:estate See also:boom—the material progress of the city has been remarkable; the See also:population in-creased from 4418 in r86o to 32,260 in 1870, 55,785 in 1880, and 132,716 in ago. See T. S. See also:Case (ed.), History of Kansas City, Missouri (See also:Syracuse, 1888) ; See also:William See also:Griffith, History of Kansas City (Kansas City, 1900) ; for industrial history, the Greater Kansas City Yearbook (1907 seq.); for all features of municipal See also:interest, the Kansas City Annual 4Kansas City, 1907 seq.), prepared for the Business Men's League.

End of Article: KANSAS CITY

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