|
REFORMED See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
CHURCH IN See also:AMERICA , until 1867 called officially " The Reformed See also:Protestant Dutch Church in See also:North America," and still popularly called the Dutch Reformed Church, an See also:American Calvinist church, originating with the settlers from See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland in New See also:York, New See also:Jersey and See also:Delaware, the first permanent settlers of the Reformed faith in the New See also:World. Their earliest settlements were at Manhattan, Walla-bout and Fort See also:Orange (now See also:Albany), where the See also:West See also:India See also:Company formally established the Reformed Church of Holland.
Their first See also:minister was See also:Jonas Michaelius, pastor in New See also:Amsterdam of the " church in the fort " (now the Collegiate Church of New York See also:City). The second domine, Everardus Bogardus (d. 1647), migrated to New York in 1633 with See also:Governor Wouter See also:van Twiller, with whom he quarrelled continually; in the same See also:year a wooden church " in the fort " was built; and in 1642 it was succeeded by a See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone See also:building. A minister, See also:John van Mekelenburg (Johannes Megapolensis) migrated to Rensselaerwyck See also:manor in 1642, preached to the See also:Indians—probably before any other Protestant minister—and after 1649 was settled in New Amsterdam. With the See also:access of See also:English and See also:French settlers, See also:Samuel Drisius, who preached in Dutch, See also:German, English and French, was summoned, and he laboured in New Amsterdam and New York from 1652 to 1673. On See also:Long See also:Island John T. Polhemus preached at See also:Flatbush in 1654-76. During See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter See also:Stuyvesant's governorship there was little See also:toleration of other denominations, but the West India Company reversed his intolerant proclamations against See also:Lutherans and See also:Quakers. About 1659 a French and Dutch church was organized in Harlem. The first church in New Jersey, at See also:Bergen, in 1661, was quickly followed by others at See also:Hackensack and See also:Passaic. After English See also:rule in 1664 displaced Dutch in New York, the relations of the Dutch churches there were much less See also:close with the See also:state Church of Holland; and in 1679 (on the See also:request of the English governor of New York, to whom the See also:people of New See also:Castle appealed) a classis was constituted for the ordination of a pastor for the church in New Castle, Delaware. The Dutch strongly opposed the See also:establishment of the Church of See also:England, and. contributed largely toward the See also:adoption (in See also:October 1683) of the See also:Charter of Liberties which confirmed in their privileges all churches then " in practice " in the city of New York and elsewhere in the See also:province, but which was repealed by See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James II. in ,686, when he established the Church of England in New York but allowed religious See also:liberty to the Dutch and others. The Dutch ministers stood by James's See also:government during See also:Leisler's See also:rebellion. Under See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William III., See also:Governors' Sloughter and See also:Fletcher worked for a See also:law (passed in 1693 and approved in 1697) for the settling of a See also:ministry in New York, See also:Richmond, Westchester and See also:Queen's counties; but the See also:Assembly foiled Fletcher's purpose of establishing a Church of England See also:clergy, although he attempted to construe the See also:act as applying only to the English Church. In 1696 the first church charter in New York was granted to the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church (now the Collegiate Church) of New York City; at this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time there were Dutch ministers at Albany and See also:Kingston, on Long Island and in New Jersey; and for years the Dutch and English (Episcopalian) churches alone received charters in New York and New Jersey—the Dutch church being treated practically as an establishment—and the church of the fort and Trinity (Episcopalian; chartered 1697) were fraternally harmonious. In 1700 there were twenty-nine Reformed Dutch churches out of a See also:total of fifty in New York. During the See also:administration of Governor See also:Edward See also:Hyde, See also:Lord Cornbury, many members joined the Episcopal Church and others removed to New Jersey. The See also:Great Awakening crowned the efforts of See also:Theodore J. See also:Frelinghuysen, who had come over as a Dutch pastor in 1720 and had opposed formalism and preached a revival. The Church in America in 1738 asked the Classis of Amsterdam (to whose care it had been transferred from the West India Company) for the See also:privilege of forming a Coetus or Association with See also:power to ordain in America; the Classis, after trying to join the Dutch with the English Presbyterian churches, granted (1747) a Coetus first to the German and then to the Dutch churches, which therefore in See also:September 1754 organized them-selves into a classis. This See also:action was opposed by the church of New York City, and partly through this difference and partly because of quarrels over the denominational See also:control of See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King's See also:College (now See also:Columbia), five members of the Coetus seceded, and as the See also:president of the Coetus was one of them they took the records with them; they were called the Conferentie; they organized independently in 1764 and carried on a See also:bitter warfare with the Coetus (now more properly called
the American Classis), which in 1766 (and again in 1770) obtained a charter for Queen's (now Rutgers) College at New See also:Brunswick. But in 1771-72 through the efforts of John H. See also:Livingston (1746-1825), who had become pastor of the New York City church in 1770, on the basis of a See also:plan drafted by the Classis of Amster-See also:dam Coetus and Conferentie were reunited with a substantial See also:independence of Amsterdam, which was made See also:complete in 1792 when the See also:Synod (the nomenclature of synod and classis had been adopted upon the See also:declaration of American Independence) adopted a See also:translation of the eighty-four Articles of See also:Dort on Church See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
Order with seventy-three " explanatory articles."1 In 1800 there were about See also:forty ministers and one See also:hundred churches. In 1819 the Church was incorporated as the Re-formed Protestant Dutch Church; and in 1867 the name was changed to the Reformed Church in America. See also:Preaching in Dutch had nearly ceased in 182o, but about 1846 a new Dutch See also:immigration began, especially in See also:Michigan, and fifty years later Dutch preaching was See also:common in nearly one-third of the churches of the See also:country, only to disappear almost entirely in the next See also:decade. See also:Union with other Reformed churches was planned in 1743, in 1784, in 1816-2o, 1873-78 and 1886, but unsuccessfully; however, ministers go from one to another See also:charge in the Dutch and German Reformed, Presbyterian, and to a less degree 'Congregational churches.
A conservative See also:secession " on See also:account of Hopkinsian errors " in 1822 of six ministers (five then under suspension) organized a See also:General Synod and the classes of Hackensack and Union (central New York) in 1824; it See also:united with the See also:Christian Re-formed Church, established by immigrants from Holland after 1835, to which there was added a fresh American secession in 1882 due to opposition (on the See also:part of the seceders) to See also:secret See also:societies.
The organization of the Church is: a General Synod (1794); the (particular) synods of New York (1800), Albany ("Soo), See also:Chicago (1856) and New Brunswick (1869) ; classes, corresponding to the presbyteries of other Calvinistic bodies; and the churches, numbering, in 1906, 659. The agencies of the Church are: the See also:Board of See also:Education, privately organized in 1828 and adopted by the General Synod in 1831; a Widows' Fund (1837) and a Disabled Ministers' Fund; a Board of Publication (1855); a Board of Domestic See also:Missions (1831; reorganized 1849) with a Church Building Fund and a Woman's Executive See also:Committee; a Board of See also:Foreign Missions (1832) succeeding the United Missionary Society (1816), which included Presbyterian, Dutch Reformed and See also:Associate Re-formed Churches, and which was merged (1826) in the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, from which the Dutch Church did not entirely See also:separate itself until 1857; and a Woman's Board of Foreign Missions (1875). The See also:principal missions are in India at See also:Arcot (1854; transferred in 1902 to the Synod of S. India) and at See also:Amoy in See also:China (1842) ; and the See also:work of the Church in See also:Japan was very successful, especially under Guido Fridolin Verbeck2 (1830-1898), and 1877 native churches built up by Presbyterian and Dutch Reformed missionaries were organized as the United Church of our Lord Jesus See also:Christ in Japan. There is also an Arabian See also:mission, begun privately in 1888 and transferred to the Board in 1894.
The colleges and institutions of learning connected with the Church are: Rutgers, already mentioned; Union College (1795), the out-growth of See also:Schenectady See also:Academy, founded in 1785 by Dirck Romeyn, a Dutch minister; See also:Hope College (1866; coeducational) at Holland, Michigan, originally a parochial school (185o) and then (1855) Holland Academy; the Theological See also:Seminary at New Brunswick (.v.); and the Western Theological Seminary (1869) at Holland, Michigan.
In 1906 (according to Bulletin 103 (1909) of the See also:Bureau of the U.S. See also:Census) there were 659 organizations with 773 church edifices reported and the total membership was 124,938. More than one-See also:half of this total membership (63,350) was in New York state, the principal See also:home of the first great Dutch immigration; more than one-See also:quarter (32,290) was in New Jersey; and the other states were: Michigan (11,260), See also:Illinois (4962), See also:Iowa (4835), See also:Wisconsin (2312), and See also:Pennsylvania (1979). The Church was also represented in See also:Minnesota, S. Dakota, See also:Oklahoma, See also:Nebraska, See also:Indiana, See also:Ohio, See also:Kansas, N. Dakota, S. Carolina, See also:Washington and See also:Maryland—the order being that of See also:rank in number of communicants.
The Christian Reformed Church, an " old school " secession, had in 1906, 174 organizations, 181 churches and a membership of 26,669,
1 In 1832 the articles of Church government were rearranged and in 1872–74 they were amended.
2 See W. E. Griffis, Verbeck of Japan (New York, 1900).
of which more than one-half (14779) was in Michigan, where many of the immigrants who came after 1835 belonged to the secession church in Holland. There were 2990 in Iowa, 2392 in New Jersey, 2332 in Illinois, and smaller See also:numbers in Wisconsin, Indiana, Minnesota, S. Dakota, Ohio, New York, Washington, Kansas, See also:Massachusetts, See also:Montana, N. Dakota, New See also:Mexico, Nebraska and See also:Colorado.
See D. D. Demarest, The Reformed Church in America (New York, 1889) ; E. T. See also:Corwin, The See also:Manual of the Reformed Church in America (ibid., 4th ed., 1902), his See also:sketch of the See also:history of the Church in vol. viii. (ibid., 1895) of the American Church History See also:Series, and his Ecclesiastical Records of the State of New York (Albany, 1901 sqq.), published by the State of New York.
End of Article: REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!