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STRATHNAIRN, HUGH HENRY ROSE

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 1002 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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STRATHNAIRN, See also:HUGH See also:HENRY See also:ROSE , 1st See also:BARON (i8or-1885), See also:British See also:field-See also:marshal, third son of the Right Hon. See also:Sir See also:George Henry Rose of Sandhills, See also:Christchurch, See also:Hampshire (See also:minister plenipotentiary at the Prussian See also:court), was See also:born at See also:Berlin on the 6th of See also:April 18or. He was educated at Berlin, and received military instruction at the See also:cadet school. He entered the 93rd See also:Sutherland Highlanders as an See also:ensign on the 8th of See also:June 182o, but was transferred to the 19th See also:Foot, then quartered in See also:Ireland, and took See also:part in preserving See also:order during the " Ribbon " outrages. He was promoted rapidly, to a lieutenancy in 1821, a captaincy in 1824, and an unattached See also:majority at the end of 1826. He was brought into the 92nd Highlanders as a regimental See also:major in 1829, and the following See also:year was appointed See also:equerry to H.R.H. the See also:duke of See also:Cambridge. The 92nd Highlanders were in Ireland, and Rose again found himself employed in maintaining See also:law and order. He rendered important services in suppressing disaffected meetings, but his conduct was so courteous to the ringleaders that he incurred no See also:personal hostility. In 1833 he accompanied his See also:regiment to See also:Gibraltar, and three years later to See also:Malta, where he exerted himself with so much zeal during a serious outbreak of See also:cholera in attending to the sick soldiers that his conduct elicited an See also:official approval from the See also:governor and See also:commander-in-See also:chief. In x839 he was promoted, by See also:purchase, to an unattached See also:lieutenant-colonelcy. In the following year Rose was selected, with other See also:officers and detachments of Royal See also:Artillery and Royal See also:Engineers, for See also:special service in See also:Syria under the orders of the See also:foreign See also:office. They were to co-operate on See also:shore, under Brigadier-See also:General See also:Michell, R.A.—in See also:conjunction with the See also:Turkish troops—with the British See also:fleet on the See also:coast, for the See also:expulsion of Mehemet See also:Ali's See also:Egyptian See also:army from Syria.

Sir See also:

Stratford See also:Canning sent Rose from See also:Constantinople on a See also:diplomatic See also:mission to See also:Ibrahim See also:Pasha, commanding the Egyptian army in Syria, and after its See also:execution he was attached, as See also:deputy See also:adjutant-general, to the See also:staff of See also:Omar Pasha, who landed at Jaffa with a large Turkish force from the British fleet. Rose distinguished himself in several engagements, and was twice wounded at El Mesden in See also:January 1841. He was mentioned in despatches, and received from the See also:sultan the order of Nishan Iftihar in diamonds, the See also:war See also:medal and a sabre of See also:honour. The See also:king of See also:Prussia sent him the order of St See also:John, and expressed his See also:pleasure that " an See also:early acquaintance " had so gallantly dis-tinguished himself. Shortly after he succeeded to the command of the British detachment in Syria with the See also:local See also:rank of See also:colonel, and in April 1841 he was appointed British See also:consul-general for Syria. For seven years, amidst See also:political complications and intrigues, Rose, by his See also:energy and force of See also:character, did much to See also:arrest the horrors of See also:civil war, to prevent the feuds between the See also:Maronites and See also:Druses coming to a See also:head, and to administer See also:justice impartially. On one occasion in 1841, when he found the Maronites and Druses See also:drawn up in two lines and firing at each other, he rode between them at imminent See also:risk to his See also:life, and by the sheer force of a stronger will stopped the conflict. In the first year of his See also:appointment his See also:action saved the lives of several See also:hundred Christians at See also:Deir el Kbama, in the See also:Lebanon, and his. services were warmly recognized by See also:Lord See also:Aberdeen in the See also:House of Lords, and he was made C.B. In 1845, by his promptness and energy, at See also:great personal risk, he rescued 600 Christians belonging to the See also:American mission at Abaye, in the Lebanon, from the hands of the Druses, and brought them to See also:Beirut. In 1848, during the outbreak of cholera at Beirut, he was most devoted in his See also:attention to the sick and dying. At the end of this year he See also:left Syria on leave of See also:absence, and did not return, as Lord See also:Palmerston appointed him secretary of See also:embassy at Constantinople in January 1851. In the following year he was See also:charge d'affaires in the absence of Sir Stratford Canning during the crisis of the question of the " See also:holy places," and he so strengthened the hands of the See also:Porte by his determined action that the See also:Russian See also:attempt to force a See also:secret treaty upon See also:Turkey was foiled.

During the war with See also:

Russia in 1854-56 Rose was the British See also:commissioner at the headquarters of the See also:French army, with the local rank of brigadier-general. At See also:Varna he succeeded in quenching a See also:fire which threatened the French small-See also:arm See also:ammunition stores, and received the thanks of Marshal St See also:Arnaud, who recommended him for the See also:Legion of Honour. He was See also:present at the See also:battle of the See also:Alma, and was wounded on the following See also:day. At See also:Inkerman he reconnoitred the ground between the British and French armies with great sang-froid under a withering fire from the Russian pickets, and his See also:horse was shot under him. He distinguished himself on several other occasions in maintaining verbal communication between the allied forces, and by his tact and See also:judgment contributed to the See also:good feeling that existed between the two armies. His services were brought to See also:notice by the commanders-in-chief of both armies, and he received the medal with three clasps and the thanks of See also:parliament, was promoted to be major-general, and was made K.C.B. and commander of the Legion of Honour. On ti e outbreak of the See also:Indian See also:Mutiny in 1857 Rose was given command of the See also:Poona See also:division. He arrived in See also:September, and shortly after took command of the Central See also:India force. In January 1858 he marched from See also:Mhow, captured Rathgarh after a See also:short See also:siege, and defeated the See also:raja of Banpur near Barodia in the samemonth., He then relieved See also:Saugor, captured Garhakota and the fort of Barodia, and early in See also:March defeated the rebels in the Madanpur, Pass and captured Madanpur and Chanderi. He arrived before See also:Jhansi on the loth of March, and during its investment defeated a relieving force under Tantia Topi at the See also:Betwa on the 1st of April. Most of Rose's force was locked up in the investment, and to Tantia Topi's army of 20,000 he could only oppose 1540 men; yet with this small force he routed the enemy with a less of 15oo men and all their stores. Jhansi was stormed and the greater part of the See also:city taken on the 3rd, and the See also:rest the following day, and the fort occupied on the 5th.

Kunch was captured, after severe fighting in a temperature of r 10 in the shade, on the 7th of May. Rose himself was only able to hold out by medical treatment, and many casualties occurred from the great See also:

heat. Under the same conditions the march was made on See also:Kalpi. The rebels came out in multitudes on the 22nd of May to attack his small force, exhausted by hard marching and weakened by sickness, but after a severe fight under a burning See also:sun, and in a suffocating hot See also:wind, were utterly routed and Kalpi occupied the following day. Having completed his See also:programme, Rose obtained sick leave, and Sir See also:Robert See also:Napier (q.v.) was appointed to succeed him, when See also:news came of the defection of Sindhia's troops and the occupation of See also:Gwalior by Tantia Topi. Rose at once resumed command and moved on Gwalior by forced See also:marches, and on the 16th of June won the battle of See also:Morar. Leaving Napier there, he attacked Gwalior on the 19th, when the city was captured. The fortress was stormed and won the following day, and Napier gained a See also:signal victory over the flying enemy at See also:Jaora-See also:Alipur on the 22nd. Rose then made over the command to Napier and returned to Poona. It was to Rose's military See also:genius that the suppression of the Indian Mutiny was largely due; but owing to official See also:jealousy his outstanding merit was not fully recognized at the See also:time. For his services he received the medal with clasp, the thanks of both houses of parliament, the regimental colonelcy of the 45th Foot, and was created G.C.B. By a legal quibble the Central India force, after protracted litigation, was not allowed its See also:share of See also:prize-See also:money, a loss to Rose of £30,000.

Rose was promoted lieutenant-general for his " eminent services " in See also:

February 1860, and the next See also:month was appointed commanderin-chief of the Bombay army, and on the departure of Lord See also:Clyde from India in the following June he succeeded him as commanderin-chief in India. During his See also:tenure of the command-in-chief Rose improved the discipline of the army, while his powerful assistance enabled the changes consequent upon the amalgamation of the See also:East India See also:Company's army with the See also:Queen's army to be carried out without See also:friction. He was created K.C.S.I. in 1861 and G.C.S.I. on the enlargement of the order. On his return See also:home he was made an honorary D.C.L. of See also:Oxford University. Rose held the Irish command from 1865 until 1870, was raised to the See also:peerage in 1866 as Baron Strathnairn of Strathnairn and Jhansi, transferred to the colonelcy of the 92nd Foot, and appointed See also:president of the army transport See also:committee. By a good organization and disposition of the troops under his command in 1866 and 1867 he enabled the Irish See also:government to See also:deal successfully with the Fenian See also:conspiracy. He was promoted general in 1867. On relinquishing the Irish command he was made an honorary LL.D. of Trinity See also:College, See also:Dublin. For the rest of his days he lived generally in See also:London. He was gazetted to the colonelcy of the Royal Horse See also:Guards in 1869, and promoted to be field marshal in June 1877. He died in See also:Paris on the 16th of See also:October 1885, and was buried with military honours in the graveyard of the Priory See also:Church, Chtistchurch, Hampshire. An equestrian See also:bronze statue, by E.

See also:

Onslow See also:Ford, R.A., was erected to his memory at Knightsbridge, London. He was never married. See Sir See also:Owen Tudor Berne, Clyde See also:ana Strathnairn," Rulers of India See also:Series" (1891). (R. H.

End of Article: STRATHNAIRN, HUGH HENRY ROSE

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