|
STRATHCONA AND See also:MOUNT ROYAL, DONALD See also:ALEXANDER See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
SMITH, See also:BARON (1820- ) , See also:Canadian statesman and financier, was See also:born at See also:Forres, See also:Scotland, on the 6th of See also:August 1820, the second son of Alexander Smith (d. 185o), a Highland See also:merchant. His See also:mother, See also:Barbara See also:- STEWART, ALEXANDER TURNEY (1803-1876)
- STEWART, BALFOUR (1828-1887)
- STEWART, CHARLES (1778–1869)
- STEWART, DUGALD (1753-1828)
- STEWART, J
- STEWART, JOHN (1749—1822)
- STEWART, JULIUS L
- STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN (1824–19o0)
- STEWART, SIR HERBERT (1843—1885)
- STEWART, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1540—c. 1605)
- STEWART, STUART
- STEWART, WILLIAM (c. 1480-c. 1550)
Stewart, of See also:Abernethy, was the See also:sister of See also:John Stewart (d. 1847), a famous See also:fur trader in the Canadian See also:North-See also:West, who gave his name to Stewart See also:Lake and Stewart See also:river. Through him Donald Smith was appointed in 1838 a junior clerk in the See also:Hudson's See also:Bay See also:Company, which at that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time controlled the greater See also:part of what is now the Dominion of See also:Canada. Smith was sent to Labrador, and stationed at See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton Inlet. For thirteen years he roughed it there, mastering the See also:work of the fur See also:trade, introducing various improvements into the conditions of See also:life, being the first to prove that potatoes and other vegetables could be grown with success on that See also:bleak See also:coast, and varying his business routine with much See also:reading and See also:letter-See also:writing. Then he was for ten years on Hudson Bay, rising in the company's service to be a See also:chief trader and then a chief See also:factor. In 1868 he was appointed to the See also:post of See also:resident See also:governor, with headquarters at See also:Montreal. In the next See also:year See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis See also:Riel's (q.v.) See also:rebellion See also:broke out on the Red river, caused chiefly by the See also:transfer of territorial rights from the company to the Dominion of Canada, and in See also:December Smith was sent by the Canadian See also:government with wide See also:powers as See also:special See also:commissioner to endeavour- to cheek the rebellion, and to See also:report " on the best mode of quieting and removing such discontent and dissatisfaction." On arriving at Fort Garry (now See also:Winnipeg) he advised the government that it would be necessary to send troops; in the meanwhile he kept cool in See also:face of a very ugly situation, and it was largely owing to his tact and See also:diplomacy that the lives of the numerous prisoners were saved, that Riel's position was gradually undermined and that the See also:relief expedition under See also:Colonel (afterwards See also:Lord) See also:Wolseley had no fighting to do. Apart from the rebellion, there was difficulty with the company's traders. The company's See also:control over the North-West was to be surrendered to Canada for £300,000, certain grants of lands and certain trading privileges, and the traders on the spot feared that in the See also:distribution of the See also:money their rights might not be guarded, but Smith succeeded in persuading them to See also:trust him to secure their See also:share, and asserted their claims so effectually that £107,000 was paid to them. During these complications in the North-West he occupied for a time the position of acting governor: in December 1870. on thefirst See also:election to the legislative See also:assembly of the new See also:province of See also:Manitoba, he was returned for Winnipeg; and in See also:March x871, after a very See also:bitter contest, he was elected as one of the four Manitoba representatives to the Dominion See also:House of See also:Commons, as member for See also:Selkirk. The reorganization of the Hudson's Bay Company in 1871—involving the loss of its administrative functions and its restriction to questions of trade only—made it necessary to appoint a chief commissioner for the North-West, and in 1871 Smith received the See also:appointment when in See also:London, after his championship of the claims of the See also:local traders. At See also:Ottawa he at once became the spokesman of the new territories, though for a time subject to the suspicion of those who thought that the company had done too little to assist the Canadian government against Riel, and he was frequently attacked in See also:parliament and out of it on various charges. In 1872 he became one of the See also:original members of the first North-West See also:council under the See also:act providing for the government of the territories by the See also:lieutenant-governor of Manitoba and a council of eleven.
It was at this time that the construction of the Canadian Pacific railway became a See also:practical question. The terms of the entrance of See also:British See also:Columbia into the Dominion in 1871 included a stipulation for the immediate beginning of a railway from the Pacific towards the Rocky Mountains, and from a point to be selected See also:east of the Rockies towards the Pacific; this See also:line, connecting the Pacific seaboard with eastern Canada, was to be completed within ten years from the date of See also:union. After a controversy on the merits of private or government construction, in 1872 a See also:charter was given by See also:Sir John See also:Macdonald's government to a company, with Sir See also:Hugh See also:Allan at its See also:head, for the construction of the line, with a See also:subsidy in See also:land grants and money, but in 1873 disclosures of corrupt practices in relation to this charter (the so-called Pacific See also:Scandal) led to the fall of the government, and the company was soon afterwards dissolved. In the See also:great debate which ended in the resignation of the government, one of the chief causes of its downfall was a moderate but powerful speech by Smith, which led to a temporary estrangement between him and Macdonald. The Liberal government which came into See also:power See also:early in 1874 reverted, though timidly, to the policy of government ownership.
Meanwhile Donald Smith, together with his See also:cousin Mr See also:George See also:Stephen (afterwards Lord See also:Mountstephen), and other Canadian and See also:American financiers, had bought out the Dutch bondholders of the insolvent St See also:Paul & Pacific railway, an American line, which by 1873 had been completed from St Paul to Breckenridge, but which lacked funds to proceed farther. After See also:long negotiations the new owners persuaded the government of Manitoba to build a line from Winnipeg to Pembina on the American frontier. This done, in 1879 the partners formed the St Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railway Company, and by continuing the line from Breckenridge to Pembina See also:united Manitoba with the See also:south and west.
In 1878 the Liberal party was defeated, and Sir John Macdonald returned to See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office with the support of Smith, who had been driven to rejoin the Conservatives by the over-cautious railway policy of the Liberals. In 188o the new government made a See also:contract for See also:building the railway with a See also:syndicate of which Stephen was the chief director, and in which Smith, from the first largely interested, came more and more to the front. Both were prominent See also:directors of the See also:Bank of Montreal, and employed its resources in the work without hesitation. Smith also embarked in the work the whole of his private See also:fortune, and it was his dogged perseverance which more than anything else enabled the company to bring its work to a successful conclusion. The contract allowed ten years for the completion of the line, but such See also:energy was shown that on the 7th of See also:November 1885, at Craigellachie in the Rocky Mountains, Donald Smith drove See also:home the last spike of the first Canadian transcontinental railway. In 1882 he See also:left parliament, but re-turned to it in 1887, and represented Montreal West till 1896, when he was appointed to succeed Sir See also:Charles See also:Tupper in London as high commissioner for Canada. In that year he was made G.C.M.G.; in 1897 he was raised to the See also:peerage and in 1909 made G.C.V.O. In 1889 he became governor of the Hudson's Bay
Company. On the 21st of March 1896 he was appointed government commissicner to Manitoba and the Territories to endeavour to lessen the bitterness in the discussion as to See also:Roman See also:Catholic rights in the public See also:schools, and the See also:compromise of 1897 followed the lines which he suggested (see CANADA).
In See also:January 1900, during the See also:war in South See also:Africa, he raised, equipped and presented to the British government a See also:regiment of irregular See also:cavalry 600 strong. Strathcona's See also:Horse, as it was called, was recruited in the Canadian West, and did See also:good service during the war. Though this was perhaps the most striking of the many services which his great See also:wealth enabled him to do for Canada and the British See also:Empire, he left no See also:side of Canadian life untouched. With his cousin, Lord Mountstephen, he founded and endowed the Royal See also:Victoria See also:Hospital in Montreal, and both in Canada and in Scotland gave largely and wisely to university work. He was the backbone of the See also:emigration policy which from 1896 on did much to increase the See also:population and the prosperity of Canada. He helped in the improvement of the waterways of the Canadian West, and in placing steamers on them, and gave much assistance to the proposed All Red Route of British-owned steamers, encircling the See also:world. From the first he was a member of the Pacific See also:Cable See also:Board, controlling the cable laid in 1902 by the combined governments of Great See also:Britain, Canada and See also:Australia. No See also:man did more to tighten the ties which bind Canada to the British Empire.
The Life by Beckles Willson contains some useful See also:information. The Histories of the Hudson's Bay Company by Beckles Willson, Rev. George See also:Bryce and See also:Miss See also:Agnes C. See also:Laut tell his early struggles. Sir See also:Wilfrid See also:Laurier (2 vols.), by J. S. Willison, describes the See also:financial dealings between the Canadian government and the Canadian Pacific railway. His See also:parliamentary speeches are in the Canadian See also:Hansard. (W. L.
End of Article: STRATHCONA AND MOUNT ROYAL, DONALD ALEXANDER SMITH, BARON (1820- )
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!