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See also:NAPIER, See also:SIR See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
WILLIAM See also:FRANCIS See also:PATRICK (1785-1860) , See also:British soldier and military historian, third son of See also:Colonel See also:George Napier (1751-1804), and See also:brother of Sir See also:Charles See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James Napier (see above), was See also:born at Celbridge, near See also:Dublin, on the 17th of See also:December 1785. He became an See also:ensign in the Royal Irish See also:Artillery in 'Soo, but at once exchanged into the 62nd, and was put on See also:half-pay in 1802. He was afterwards made a See also:cornet in the Blues by the See also:influence of his See also:uncle the See also:duke of See also:Richmond, and for the first See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time did actual military See also:duty in this See also:regiment, but he soon See also:fell in with Sir See also:John See also:Moore's See also:suggestion that he should See also:exchange into the 52nd, which was about to be trained in the famous See also:camp of Snorncliffe. Through Sir John Moore he soon obtained a See also:company in the 43rd, joined that regiment at See also:Shorncliffe and became a See also:great favourite with Moore. He served in See also:Denmark, and was See also:present at the engagement of Kioge, and, his regiment being shortly afterwards sent to See also:Spain, he See also:bore himself nobly through the See also:retreat to See also:Corunna, the hardships of which permanently impaired his See also:health. In 1809 he became
FE8El
aide-de-camp to the duke of Richmond, See also:lord See also:lieutenant of See also:Ireland, but joined the 43rd when that regiment was ordered again to Spain. With the See also:light See also:brigade (the 43rd, 52nd, and 95th), under the command of See also:General See also:Craufurd, he marched to Talavera in the famous forced See also:march which he has described in his See also:History, and had a violent attack of See also:pleurisy on the way. He, however, refused to leave Spain, was wounded on the Coa, and shot near the spine at Cazal Nova. His conduct was so conspicuous during the pursuit of See also:Massena after he See also:left the lines of Torres Vedras that he as well as his brother George was recommended for a See also:brevet See also:majority. He became brigade See also:major, was present at Fuentes d'Onor, but had so See also:bad an attack of See also:ague that he was obliged to return to See also:England. In England he married See also:Caroline Amelia See also:Fox, daughter of General See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry Fox and niece of the statesman Fox. Three See also:weeks after his See also:marriage he again started for Spain, and was present at the storming of See also:Badajoz, where his great friend Colonel M`Leod was killed. In the See also:absence of the new lieutenant-colonel he took command of the 43rd regiment (he was now a substantive major) and commanded it at the See also:battle of See also:Salamanca. After a See also:short stay at See also:home he again joined his regiment at the See also:Pyrenees, and did his greatest military service at the battle of the Nivelle, where, with instinctive military insight, he secured the most strongly fortified See also:part of Soup's position, practically without orders. He served with his regiment at the battles of the Nive, where he received two wounds, Orthes, and See also:Toulouse. For his services he was made brevet lieutenant-colonel, and one of the first C.B.'s. ' Like his brother Charles he then entered the military See also:college at See also:Farnham. He commanded his regiment in the invasion of See also:France after See also:Waterloo, and remained in France with the See also:army of occupation until 1819, when he retired on half-pay. As it was impossible for him to live on a major's half-pay with a wife and See also:family, he determined to become an artist, and took a See also:house in See also:Sloane See also:Street, where he studied with George See also:- JONES
- JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
- JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
- JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
- JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
- JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
- JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
- JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
- JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
- JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
- JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
- JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
- JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
- JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
- JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
- JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)
Jones, the academician.
. The years he had spent in France he had occupied in improving his general See also:education, for, incredible as it seems, the author of the History of the See also:War in the See also:Peninsula could not spell or write respectable See also:English till that time. But his career was to be great in literature, not in See also:art. The tendency appeared in an able See also:review of See also:Jomini's See also:works (See also:Edinburgh Rev.) in 1821, and in 1823 Mr See also:Bickersteth (afterwards Lord Langdale) suggested to him the expediency of See also:writing a history of the See also:Peninsular War. For some time he did not take kindly to the suggestion, but at last determined to become an author in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to defend the memory of Sir John Moore, and to prevent the See also:glory of his old See also:chief being overshadowed by that of See also:Wellington. The duke of Wellington himself gave him much assistance, and handed over to him the whole of See also:Joseph See also:Bonaparte's See also:correspondence which had been taken at the battle of See also:Vittoria; this was all in See also:cipher, but Mrs Napier, with great See also:patience, discovered the keys. See also:Marshal See also:Soult also took an active See also:interest in the See also:work and arranged for the See also:French See also:translation of Mathieu See also:Dumas. In 1828 the first See also:volume of the History appeared. The publisher, John See also:- MURRAY
- MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
- MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
- MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
- MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
- MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
- MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
- MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
- MURRAY, JOHN
- MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
- MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
- MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
- MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
- MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )
Murray, indeed, was disappointed in the See also:sale of the first volume and Napier published the See also:remainder himself. But it was at once seen that the great deeds of the Peninsular War were about to be fitly commemorated. The excitement which followed the See also:appearance of each volume is proved by the innumerable See also:pamphlets issued by those who believed themselves to be attacked, and by See also:personal altercations with many distinguished See also:officers. But the success of the See also:book was proved still more by the absence of competition than by these See also:bitter controversies. The histories of See also:Southey and Lord See also:Londonderry fell still-born, and Sir George Murray, Wellington's quartermaster-general, who had determined to See also:pro-duce the history, gave up the See also:attempt in despair. This success was due to a See also:combination of qualities which have justly secured for Napier the See also:title of being the greatest military historian England has produced. When in 1840 the last volume of the History was published, his fame not only in England but in France and See also:Germany was safely established.
His See also:life during these years had been chiefly absorbed in his
History, but he had warmly sympathized with the See also:movement i duty), in 1885.
for See also:political reform which was agitating England. The Radicals of See also:Bath and many other cities and towns pressed him to enter See also:parliament, and Napier was actually invited to become the military chief of a See also:national guard to obtain reforms by force of arms.
He refused the dangerous See also:honour on the ground that he was in bad health and had a family of eight See also:children. In 1830 he had been promoted colonel, and in 1842 he was made a major-general and given the lieutenant-governorship of See also:Guernsey. Here he found plenty of occupation in controlling the relations between the soldiers and the inhabitants, and also in working out proposals for a See also:complete See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme of reform in the See also:government of the See also:island. While he was at Guernsey his brother Charles had conquered See also:Sind, and the attacks made on the policy of that See also:conquest brought William Napier again into the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field of literature. In 1845 he published his History of the Conquest of Scinde, and in 1851 the corresponding History of the See also:Administration of Scindebooks which in See also:style and vigour rivalled the great History, but which, being written for controversial purposes, were not likely to maintain enduring popularity. In 1847 he resigned his governorship, and in 1848 was made a K.C.B., and settled at Scinde House, Clapham See also:Park. In 1851 he was promoted lieutenant-general. His time was fully occupied in defending his brother, in revising the numerous See also:editions of his History which were being called for, and in writing letters to The Times on every conceivable subject, whether military or See also:literary. His See also:energy is the more astonishing when it is remembered that he never recovered from the effects of the See also:wound he had received at Cazal Nova, and that he often had to See also:lie on his back for months together. His domestic life was shadowed by the incurable affliction of his only son, and when his brother Charles died in 1853 the See also:world seemed to be darkening See also:round him. He devoted himself to writing the life of that brother, which appeared in 1857, and which is in many respects his most characteristic book. In the end of 1853 his younger brother, See also:Captain Henry Napier, R.N., died, and in 1855 his brother Sir George (see below). Inspired by his work, he lived on till the See also:year 186o, when, broken by trouble, fatigue and See also:ill-health, he died (See also:February 12) at Clapham. Four months earlier he had been promoted to the full See also:rank of general.
' As a military historian Sir William Napier is incomparably See also:superior to any other English writer, and his true compeers are See also:Thucydides, See also:Caesar and See also:Davila. All four had been soldiers in the See also:wars they describe; all four possessed a See also:peculiar insight into the mainsprings of See also:action both in war and See also:peace; and each possessed a peculiar and inimitable style. Napier always wrote as if he was burning with an inextinguishable See also:desire to See also:express what he was feeling, which gives his style a peculiar spontaneity, and yet he rewrote the first volume of his History no less than six times. His descriptions of sieges and of battles are admirable by themselves, and his analyses of the peculiarly intricate See also:Spanish intrigues are even more remarkable, while the descriptions and analyses are both lit up with flashes of political See also:wisdom and military insight. It is to be noted that he displays the spirit of the See also:partisan, even when most impartial, and defends his opinions, even when most undoubtedly true, as if he were arguing some controverted question. If his style was modelled on anything, it was on Caesar's commentaries, and a thorough knowledge of the writings of the See also:Roman general will often explain allusions in Napier. The portraits of Sir John Moore and Colonel M'Leod, and the last paragraphs descriptive of the storming of Badajoz, may be taken as examples of his great natural eloquence.
His brother, SIR GEORGE TIIOMAS NAPIER (1784–1855); entered the army in 1800, and served with distinction under Moore and Wellington in the Peninsula—and lost his right See also:arm at the storming of Badajoz. He became major-general in 1837, K.C.B. in 1838 and lieutenant-general in 1846. He was See also:governor and See also:commander-in-chief at the Cape from 1839 to 1843, during which time the abolition of See also:slavery and the See also:expulsion of the Boers from See also:Natal were the chief events. He was offered, but declined, the chief command in See also:India after See also:Chillianwalla, and also that of the Sardinian army in 1849. He became full general in 1854. He died at See also:Geneva on the 16th of See also:September 1855. His auto-See also:biography, Passages in the See also:Early Military Life of General Sir G. T. Napier, was published by his surviving son, General W. C. E. Napier (the author of an important work on outpost
The youngest brother, HENRY See also:EDWARD NAPIER (1789-1853), served in the See also:navy during the See also:Napoleonic wars, retired as a captain, and wrote a learned Florentine History from the earliest See also:authentic Records to the See also:Accession of See also:Ferdinand III. of See also:Tuscany
(1846-1847).
For Sir William Napier's life, see his Life and Letters, edited by the Right See also:Honourable H. A. See also:Bruce (Lord See also:Aberdare) (2 vols., 1862).
End of Article: NAPIER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS PATRICK (1785-1860)
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