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See also:WARRISTON, See also:ARCHIBALD See also:JOHNSTON, See also:LORD (1611-1663) , Scottish See also:judge and statesman, son of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Johnstone (d. 1617), a See also:merchant See also:burgess of See also:Edinburgh, was baptized on the 28th of See also:March 1611, educated at See also:Glasgow, and passed See also:advocate at the Scottish See also:bar in 1633. He first came into public See also:notice in 1637, during the See also:attempt of See also:Charles I. to force the See also:English See also:liturgy upon See also:Scotland, when as the See also:chief adviser of the Covenanting leaders he See also:drew up their remonstrances. On the 28th of See also:February 1638, in reply to a royal See also:proclamation, he read to an enormous multitude assembled in Greyfriars See also:churchyard at Edinburgh and in presence of the heralds, a strong protestation, and together with See also:Alexander See also:Henderson was a See also:principal author of the See also:National See also:Covenant of 1638, See also:drawing up himself the second See also:part, which consisted in a recapitulation of all the acts of See also:parliament condemning " popery " and asserting the liberties of the Scottish See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church. He was appointed clerk to the tables, and also clerk and afterwards See also:procurator or counsel to the See also:general See also:assembly held at Glasgow the same See also:year, when he was the means of restoring several missing volumes of records. In See also:June 1639 he took part in the negotiations leading to the treaty of See also:Berwick, when his See also:firm attitude was extremely displeasing to the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king. He urged Charles to refrain from annulling the acts of the assembly since this would restrict all future assemblies, to which Charles replied " that the See also:devil himself could not make a more uncharitable construction or give a more See also:bitter expression," and on Johnston's continuing his speech ordered him to be silent and declared he would speak to more reasonable men.' In See also:August he read a See also:paper before the Scottish parliament, strongly condemning its See also:prorogation. In the following year he was appointed to attend the general of the See also:army and the See also:committee, and on the 23rd of June, when the Scottish forces were preparing to invade See also:England, he wrote to Lord See also:Savile asking for definite support from the leading opposition peers in England and their See also:acceptance of the National Covenant, which drew from the other See also:side at first nothing but vague assurances and subsequently the engagement forged by Lord Savile with the signatures of the peers. In See also:October he was a See also:commissioner for negotiating the treaty of See also:Ripon and went to See also:London. He continued after the See also:peace to urge the See also:punishment of the incendiaries, and especially of See also:Traquair, and in a private interview with the king strongly opposed the proposed See also:act of general oblivion. On the king's arrival in Scotland in 1641 he led the opposition on the important constitutional point of the See also:control of See also:state appointments, supporting the claims of the parliament by an See also:appeal to the state records, which he had succeeded in recovering.
In See also:September Johnston received public thanks for his services from the Scottish parliament, and, in accordance with the policy of conciliation then pursued for a See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time by the king, was
' Johnston's " See also:Diary " in Scottish Hist. See also:Soc. Publ., See also:xxvi. 84.
appointed on the 13th of See also:November 1641 a lord of session, with the See also:title of Lord Warriston (a name derived from an See also:estate See also:purchased by him near Edinburgh in 1636), was knighted, and was given a See also:pension of £200 a year. The same See also:month he was appointed a commissioner at See also:Westminster by the parliament for settling the affairs of Scotland. He was a chief See also:agent in concluding the treaty with the English parliament in the autumn of 1643, and was appointed a member of the committee of both kingdoms in London which directed the military operations, and in this capacity went on several See also:missions to the See also:parliamentary generals. He took his seat See also:early in 1644 in the Assembly of Divines, to which he had been nominated, and vehemently opposed See also:measures tolerating independency or giving See also:powers to laymen in ecclesiastical affairs. The articles of the unsuccessful treaty of See also:Uxbridge were, for the most part, See also:drawn up by him the same year. Besides his public duties in England he sat in the Scottish parliament for the See also:county of Edinburgh from 1643 till 1647, was See also:speaker of the barons, and served on various committees. After the final defeat of Charles, when he had surrendered himself to the Scots, Johnston was made in October 1646 king's advocate, and the same year was voted £3000 by the estates for his services. He continued to oppose unwise concessions to Charles, and strongly disapproved of the " engagement " concluded in 1648 by the predominant party with Charles at See also:Carisbrooke, which, while securing little for See also:Presbyterianism, committed the Scots to hostilities with the followers of See also:Cromwell. He now became the See also:leader of the " See also:remonstrants," the party opposed to the " engagement," and during the ascendancy of the engagers retired to Cantyre as the See also:guest of See also:Argyll. He returned again after the Whiggamore See also:Raid,' met Cromwell at Edinburgh in October after the defeat of the engagers at See also:Preston, and in See also:conjunction with Argyll promoted the act of Classes, passed on the 23rd of See also:January 1649, disqualifying the royalists. The See also:good relations now formed with Cromwell, however, were soon broken off by the king's See also:execution, and Johnston was See also:present officially at the proclamation of Charles II. as king at Edinburgh, on the 5th of February 1649. On the loth of March he was appointed lord clerk See also:register. In May he pronounced the vindictive See also:sentence on See also:Montrose, and he is said to have witnessed with Argyll the victim being drawn to the See also:place of execution. He was present at the See also:battle of See also:Dunbar (3rd of September 165o) as a member of the committee of estates, to which See also:body is ascribed the responsibility for See also:Leslie's fatal See also:- ABANDONMENT (Fr. abandonnement, from abandonner, to abandon, relinquish; abandonner was originally equivalent to mettred banddn, to leave to the jurisdiction, i.e. of another, bandon being from Low Latin bandum, bannum, order, decree, " ban ")
abandonment of his position on Doon See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill. After the defeat he urged the removal of See also:David Leslie, afterwards Lord See also:Newark, from the command, and on the 21st of September delivered a violent speech in Charles's presence, attributing all the See also:late misfortunes to the Stuarts and to their opposition to the See also:Reformation.
His first See also:object in See also:life being the See also:defence of Presbyterianism, Johnston could join neither of the two See also:great parties, and now committed himself to the See also:faction of the remonstrants who desired to exclude the king , in opposition to the resolutioners who accepted Charles. The latter for some time maintained their superiority in the See also:kingdom, Johnston being reduced to poverty and neglect. In the autumn of 1656 Johnston went to London as representative of the remonstrants; and soon afterwards, on the 9th of See also:July 1657, he was restored by Cromwell to his See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of lord clerk register, and on the 3rd of November was appointed a commissioner for the See also:administration of See also:justice in Scotland, henceforth remaining a member of the See also:government till the Restoration. In January 1658 he was included by Cromwell in his new See also:House of Lords, and sat also in the upper chamber in See also:Richard Cromwell's parliament. On the latter's See also:abdication and the restoration of the Rump, he was chosen a member of the See also:council of state, and continued in the administra-
This was the name given to a successful raid on Edinburgh by a See also:band of Argyll's partisans gathered mainly from the See also:west of Scotland. It took place in September 1648, just after the defeat of See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton at Preston. The See also:term Whiggamore is said to be derived from Whiggam, a word used by the ploughmen in the west of Scotland to encourage their horses. See S. R. See also:Gardiner, Great See also:Civil See also:War, vol. iii. (1891).tion as a member of the committee of public safety, maintaining consistently his attitude against religious See also:toleration. At the Restoration he was singled out for punishment. He avoided See also:capture, escaping to See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland and thence to See also:Germany, and was condemned to See also:death in his See also:absence on the 13th of May 1661. In 1663, having ventured into See also:France, he was discovered at See also:Rouen, and with the consent of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV. was brought over and imprisoned in the See also:Tower of London. In June he was taken to Edinburgh and confined in the Tolbooth. He was hanged on the 22nd of July at the See also:Market See also:Cross, Edinburgh, the See also:scene of many of his triumphs, and a few yards from his own house in High See also:Street, which stood on the See also:east side of what is now known as Warriston's See also:Close. His See also:head was exposed on the Netherbow and afterwards buried with his body in Greyfriars churchyard.
Johnston was a See also:man of great See also:energy, See also:industry and ability, and the successful defence of their See also:religion by the Scots was probably owing to him more than to any other man. He is described by his contemporary See also:Robert See also:Baillie as " one of the most faithful and diligent and able servants that our church and kingdom has had all the tymes of our troubles." 2 He was learned in the Scottish See also:law, eloquent and deeply religious. His passionate devotion to the cause of the Scottish church amounted almost to fanaticism. According to the See also:History by his See also:nephew See also:Bishop See also:Burnet, " he looked on the Covenant .as the setting See also:Christ on his See also:throne." He had by nature no republican leanings; " all the Royalists in Scotland," writes Baillie as late as 1646, " could not have pleaded so much for the See also:crown and the king's just See also:power as the See also:chancellor and Warriston did for many days together." When, however, Presbyterianism was attacked and menaced by the See also:sovereign, he desired, like See also:Pym, to restrict the royal See also:prerogative by a parliamentary constitution, and endeavoured to found his arguments on law and See also:ancient precedents. His acceptance of office under Cromwell hardly deserves the severe censure it has received: He stood nearer both in politics and religion to Cromwell than to the royalists, and was able in office to serve usefully the state and the church, but his own scrupulous See also:conscience caused him to condemn in his dying speech, as a betrayal of the cause of Presbyterianism, an act which he regarded as a moral See also:fault committed in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to provide for his numerous See also:family, and the remembrance of which disturbed his last See also:hours. Johnston was wanting in tact and in See also:consideration for his opponents, confessing himself that his " natural See also:temper (or rather distemper) See also:bath been hasty and passionate." He was hated by Charles I., whose statecraft was vanquished by his inflexible purpose, and by Charles II., whom he rebuked for his dissolute conduct; but he was beloved by Baillie, associated in private friendship and public life with Argyll, and lamented by the nation whose cause he had championed.
He had a large family, the most famous of his sons being James Johnston (1655-1737), called " secretary Johnston." Having taken See also:refuge in Holland after his See also:father's execution, Johnston crossed over to England in the interests of See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William of See also:Orange just before the revolution of 1688. In 1692 he was appointed one of the secretaries for Scotland, but he was dismissed from office in 1696. Under See also:Anne, however, he began again to take part in public affairs, and was made lord clerk register. Johnston's later years were passed mainly at his See also:residence, Grleans House, See also:Twickenham, and he died at Bath in May 1737.
See W. See also:Morison, Johnston of Warriston (1901).
End of Article: WARRISTON, ARCHIBALD JOHNSTON, LORD (1611-1663)
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