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standard of light horse breeding. The initial efforts began by securing the services of thoroughbred stallions for specified districts, by offering a limited number of " See also:

Queen's Premiums," of. £200 each, to selected animals of four years old and upwards.

Since the formation of the Brood Mare Society mares have come within the See also:

SPHERE (Gr. vclsa?pa, a ball or globe)

sphere of See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of the three bodies, and well-conceived inducements are offered to breeders to retain their See also:

young mares at See also:

home. The efforts have met with gratifying success, and they were much needed, for while in 1904 the Dutch See also:

government took away 350 of the best young Irish mares, See also:

GREAT

Great See also:

BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain was paying the foreigner over £2,000,000 a See also:

YEAR

year for horses which the old See also:

SYSTEM

system of management did not See also:

SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply at home. The Royal See also:

DUBLIN

Dublin Society also keeps a See also:

SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme of 1892, which, like the British efforts, is now bearing See also:

FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit. The Yorkshire Coach-horse is extensively bred in the See also:

North and See also:

East See also:

RIDINGS

Ridings of Yorkshire, and the thoroughbred has taken a See also:

SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in its development. The See also:

COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour is usually bay, with See also:

black or See also:

brown points. A fine head, sloping shoulders, strong loins, lengthy quarters, high-stepping action, flat bone and See also:

sound feet are characteristic. The height varies from 16 hands to 16 hands 2 in. The Cleveland Bay is an ancestor of the Yorkshire Coach-horse and is bred in parts of Yorkshire, See also:

Durham and See also:

Northumberland. He is adapted alike for the plough, for heavy See also:

DRAUGHT (from the common Teutonic word " to draw "; cf. Ger. 7'racht, load; the pronunciation led to the variant form " draft," now confined to certain specific meanings)

draught, and for slow See also:

SADDLE (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Sattel, Dut. zadel, also in Russ. siedlo and Lat. sella, for sedla; it is not derived directly from Lat. sedile, which means a chair, but all the words are to be referred to the root sad-, which gives

saddle work. Some specimens make imposing-looking See also:

CARRIAGE

carriage horses, but they have low action and are lacking in quality. The colour is light or dark bay, with black legs. Though rather coarse-headed, the Cleveland Bay has a well-set See also:

SHOULDER (in O.E. sculder, cognate with Ger. Schulter, Dutch schouder, Swed. skuldra, &c; the root is unknown)

shoulder and neck, a deep chest and round See also:

BARREL (a word of uncertain origin common to Romance languages; the Celtic forms, as in the Gaelic baraill, are derived from the English)

barrel.

The height is from 16 to 17 hands. The Hackney has come prominently to the front in See also:

RECENT

recent years. The See also:

TERM

term Nag, applied to the active See also:

RIDING

riding or trotting horse, is derived from the A.S. hnegan, to neigh. The See also:

NORMANS

Normans brought with them their own word haquenee, or hacquenee, a See also:

French derivative from the Latin equus, a horse, whence the name hackney. Both nag and hackney continue to be used as synonymous terms. Frequent mention is made of hackneys and trotters in old See also:

FARM

farm accounts of the 14th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century. The first noteworthy trotting hackney stallion, of the See also:

MODERN

modern type, was a horse foaled about 17J5, and known as the Schales, See also:

SHIELDS, JAMES (181b-1879)

Shields or Shales horse, and most of the recognized hackneys of to-See also:

day trace back to him. The breeding of hackneys is extensively pursued in the counties of See also:

Norfolk, See also:

Cambridge, See also:

Huntingdon, See also:

Lincoln and See also:

York, and in the showyard competitions a keen but friendly rivalry is usually to be noticed between the hackney-breeding farmers of Norfolk and Yorkshire. The high hackney action is uncomfortable in a riding horse. Excel-See also:

LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")

lent results have sometimes followed the use of hackney sires upon half-bred mares, i.e. by thoroughbred stallions and trotting mares, but it is not always so. As regards the See also:

MOVEMENT

movement, or " action," of the hackney, he should go light in See also:

hand, and the knee should be well elevated and advanced during the trot, and, before the See also:

FOOT

foot is put down, the See also:

leg should be well extended. The hackney should also possess good hock action, as distinguished from See also:

mere fetlock action, the propelling power depending upon the efficiency of the former.

The hackney type of the day is " a powerfully built, short-legged, big horse, with an intelligent head, neat neck, strong, level back, powerful loins, and as perfect shoulders as can be obtained, good feet, flat-boned legs, and a height of from 15 hands 2 in. to 15 hands 31 in. Carriage-horses hackney-bred have been produced over 17 hands high. The Pony differs essentially from the hackney in height, the former not exceeding 14 hands. There is one exception, which is made clear in the following See also:

EXTRACT (from Lat. extrahere, to draw out)

extract from See also:

Sir See also:

Walter See also:

GILBEY, SIR WALTER, 1ST BART

Gilbey's Ponies Past and See also:

PRESENT

Present (1900) : Before the See also:

ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of the Hackney Horse Society in 1883 the dividing See also:

LINE

line between the horse and the pony in See also:

England was vague and undefined. It was then found necessary to distinguish clearly between horses and ponies, and, accordingly, all animals measuring 14 hands or under were designated " ponies," and registered in a See also:

SEPARATE

separate See also:

PART

part of the (Hackney) Stud-Book. This See also:

RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record of height, with other particulars as to breeding, &c., serves to See also:

DIRECT

direct breeders in their choice of sires and dams. The standard of height established by the Hackney Horse Society was accepted and officially recognized by the'Royal Agricultural Society in 1889, when the See also:

PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize-See also:

list for the See also:

Windsor show contained pony classes for animals not exceeding 14 hands. The altered See also:

polo-See also:

RULE

rule, which fixes the limit of height at 14 hands 2 in., may be productive of some little confusion; but for all other purposes 14 hands is the recognized maximum height of a pony. See also:

Prior to 1883 small horses were called indifferently Galloways, hobbies, cobs or ponies, irrespective of their height. Native ponies include those variously known as Welsh, New See also:

FOREST

Forest, Exmoor, See also:

DARTMOOR

Dartmoor, See also:

Cumberland and See also:

Westmorland, See also:

Fell, Highland, Highland Garron, See also:

CELTIC

Celtic, See also:

SHETLAND, or ZETLAND

Shetland and See also:

CONNEMARA

Connemara. Ponies range in height from 14 hands down to 8 hands, Shetland ponies eligible for the Stud-Book not exceeding the latter. As in the See also:

case of the hackney, so with the pony, thoroughbred blood has been used, and with good results, except in the case of those animals which have to remain to breed in their native haunts on the hills and moorlands.

There the only possible way of improvement is by selecting the best native specimens, especially the sires, to breed from. The thin-skinned progeny of thoroughbred or Arab stock is too delicate to live unless when hand-fed—and hand-feeding is not according to See also:

CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom. Excellent polo ponies are bred as first or second crosses by thoroughbred stallions on the mares of nearly all the varieties of ponies named. The defective formation of the pony, the perpendicular shoulder and the drooping hind quarters, are modified; but neither the latter, nor See also:

bent 'hocks, which See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place the hind legs under the body as in the See also:

ZEBRA

zebra, are objected to, as the conformation is. favourable to rapid turning. One object of the pony breeder, while maintaining hardiness of constitution, is to See also:

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control size—to compress the most valuable qualities into small See also:

COMPASS (Fr. corn pas, ultimately from Lat. cum, with, and passus, step)

compass. He endeavours to breed an See also:

animal possessing a small head, good shoulders, true action and perfect See also:

MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners. A See also:

COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of the best points of the See also:

hunter with the See also:

style and finish of the hackney produces a class of weight-carrying pony which is always saleable. The Shire horse owes its happily-chosen name to See also:

Arthur Young's remarks, in the description of his agricultural See also:

TOURS

tours during the closing years of the 18th century, concerning the large Old See also:

ENGLISH

English Black Horse, " the produce principally of the Shire counties in the See also:

heart of England." Long previous to this, however, the word Shire, in connexion with horses, was used in the statutes of See also:

Henry VIII. Under the various names of the See also:

War Horse, the Great Horse, the Old English Black Horse and the Shire Horse, the breed has for centuries been cultivated in the See also:

rich fen-lands of See also:

LINCOLNSHIRE

Lincolnshire and See also:

CAMBRIDGESHIRE

Cambridgeshire, and in many counties to the See also:

west. The Shire is the largest of draught horses, the stallion commonly attaining a height of 17 to 17.3 hands. Though the black colour is still frequently met with, bay and brown are more usually seen. With their immense size andweight—1800 lb to 2200 lb—the Shires combine great strength, and they are withal docile and intelligent.

They stand on short stout legs, with a plentiful covering—sometimes too abundant—of long See also:

HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair extending chiefly down the back but also round the front of the limbs from knees and hocks, and when in full See also:

FEATHER (0. Eng. (ether, Ger. Feder, from an Indo-European root seen also in Gr. lrrepov, and aEreo-Oat, to fly)

feather obscuring nearly the whole of the hoofs. The head is a good size, and broad between the eyes; the neck fairly long, with the See also:

crest well arched on to the shoulders, which are deep and strong, and moderately oblique. The chest is wide, full and deep, the back short and straight, the ribs are round and deep, the hind quarters long, level and well let down into the muscular thighs. The See also:

CANNON (a word common to Romance languages, from the Lat. canna, a reed, tube, with the addition of the augmentative termination -on, -one)

cannon-bones should be flat, heavy and clean, and the feet wide, tough, and prominent at the heels. A good type of Shire horse combines symmetrical outlines and bold, free action. There is a good and remunerative demand for Shire geldings for use as draught horses in towns. The Clydesdale, the Scottish breed named from the valley of the See also:

Clyde, is not quite so large as the Shire, the See also:

AVERAGE

average height of stallions being about 16 hands 2 in. The popular colour is bay, particularly if of a dark shade, or dappled. Black is not uncommon, but See also:

grey is not encouraged. See also:

White markings on one or more of the legs, with a white See also:

STAR

star or stripe on the See also:

FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face, are characteristic. The long hair on the legs is not so abundant as in the Shires, and it is finer in texture. It is regarded as an indication of good bone.

The bones of the legs should be short, flat, clean and hard; the feet large, with hoofs deep and concave below. With its symmetry, activity, strength and endurance the Clydesdale is easily broken to See also:

HARNESS (from O. Fr. harneis or harnois; the ultimate origin is obscure; the Celtic origin which connects it with the Welsh haiarn, iron, has phonetic and other difficulties; the French is the origin of the Span. arnes, and Ger. Harnisch)

harness, and makes an excellent draught horse. This breed is growing rapidly in favour in See also:

CANADA

Canada, but in the United States the Percheron, with its round bone and short pasterns, holds the See also:

field. A blend of the Shire and Clydesdale strains of the British rough-legged draught horse (virtually sections of the same breed) is a better animal than either of the parents. It is an improvement upon the Shire due to the quality contributed by the Clydesdale, and' it surpasses the Clydesdale in strength and substance, as a result of the Shire connexion. To secure success the two Stud-Books will require to be opened to animals eligible to be entered in either record. The blend is being established in U.S.A. as a See also:

NATIONAL

National breed. The Suffolk is a horse quite distinct from the Shire and the Clydesdale. Its body looks too heavy for its limbs, which are free from the " feather " so much admired in the two other heavy breeds; it possesses a characteristic See also:

CHESTNUT (nux Castanea)

chestnut colour. How long the Suffolks have been associated with the See also:

COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county after which they are named is unknown, but they are mentioned in 1586 in See also:

Camden's Britannia. With an average height of about 16 hands they often have a weight of as much as 2000 lb., and this may explain the See also:

APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance which has given rise to the name of the Suffolk See also:

PUNCH

Punch, by which the breed is known. The Suffolk is a resolute and unwearying worker, and is richly endowed with many of the best qualities of a horse.

The Suffolk Stud-Book and See also:

HISTORY

History of the Breed, published in 1880, is the most exhaustive record of its See also:

KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind in England. (W. FR.; R. W.) MANAGEMENT Breeding.—Animals to breed from should be of good blood, sound and compactly built, with good See also:

PLUCK

pluck and free from nervous excitability and vicious tendency. A mare used to be put to the horse at three years old, but latterly two has become the common See also:

AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age. Young sires begin to serve in moderation at two. May is considered the best See also:

month for a mare to foal, _s there is abundance of natural See also:

food and the See also:

WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather is mild enough for the mare to See also:

lie out. Show specimens generally profit by being See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born earlier. The See also:

period of gestation in the mare is about eleven months. No See also:

NURSING

nursing mare should go to work, if this can possibly be avoided. A brood mare requires plenty of exercise at a slow See also:

pace and may work, except between shafts or on a road, till the day of foaling. To avoid See also:

COLIC (from the Gr. K6Aov or KwAov, the large intestine)

colic an animal has to be gradually prepared by giving small quantities of See also:

green food for a few days before going to grass.

Shelter against severe storms is needed. Succulent food encourages the flow of See also:

MILK (0. Eng. meoluc; from a common Indo-European root, cf. Lat. mulgere, Gr. ?t dXyetv)

milk, and the success of the foal greatly depends on its milk supply. Mares most readily conceive when served at the " foal See also:

HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat " eleven days after foaling. A mature stallion can serve from eighty to one See also:

HUNDRED

hundred mares per annum. Foals are weaned when five or six months old, often in See also:

OCTOBER

October, and require to be housed to See also:

SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save the foal-flesh, and liberally but not overfed; but from the time they are a month old they require to be " gentled " by handling and kindly treatment, and the elementary training of leading from time to time by a halter adjusted permanently to the head. When they are hand-reared on cow's milk foals require See also:

FIRM

firm treatment and must have no fooling to See also:

TEACH [THATCH OR THACH], EDWARD (d. 1718)

teach them tricks. Young horses that are too highly fed are apt to become weak-limbed and See also:

TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top-heavy. Breaking.—Systematic breaking begins at about the age of two years, and the method of subduing a See also:

COLT, SAMUEL (1814-1862)

colt by " galvayning " is as good as any. It is a more humane system than " rareying," which overcame by exhaustion under circumstances which were not fruitful of permanent results. Galvayning is accomplished by bending the horse's neck round at an angle of See also:

THIRTY

thirty-five to See also:

FORTY

forty degrees and tieing the halter to the tail, so that when he attempts to walk forward he holds himself and turns " round and round, almost upon his own ground." The more strenuous his resistance the sooner he yields to the inevitable force applied by himself. A wooden See also:

pole, the " third hand," is then gently applied to all parts of the body until kicking or any See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form of resistance ceases. " Bitting " or " mouthing," or the familiarizing of an animal to the See also:

BIT (from the verb " to bite," either in the sense of a piece bitten off, or an act of biting, or a thing that bites or is bitten)

bit in his mouth, and to See also:

ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer to the See also:

REIN

rein without bending his neck, is still a See also:

NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity with the galvayning method of breaking.

Experience can only be gained by a horse continuing during a considerable time to practise what he has been taught. Three See also:

main characteristics of a successful horse-breaker are firmness, good See also:

TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper and incessant vigilance. Carelessness in trusting too much to a young colt that begins its training by being docile is a fruitful source of untrustworthy habits which need never have developed. Driving with long reins in the field should precede the fastening of See also:

ROPES, JOHN CODMAN (1836–1899)

ropes to the collar, as it accustoms the animal to the pressure on the shoulders of the draught, later to be experienced in the yoke. If a young horse be well handled and accustomed to the dummy See also:

JOCKEY

jockey, mounting it is not attended with much See also:

RISK

risk of resistance, although this should invariably be anticipated. An animal ought to be in good See also:

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition when being broken in, else it is liable to break out in unpleasant ways when it becomes high-spirited as a result of improved condition. If should be well but not overfed, and while young not overworked, as an overtired animal is liable to refuse to pull, and thus See also:

contract a See also:

BAD, BCD

bad See also:

HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit. Most bad habits and See also:

STABLE

stable tricks are the result of defective management and avoidable accidents. Feeding.— Horses have small stomachs relatively to ruminating animals, and require small quantities of food frequently. While grazing they feed almost continually, preferring short pasture. No stable food for See also:

QUICK

quick work surpasses a See also:

SUPERIOR

superior See also:

SAMPLE (through the O. Fr. essemple, from Lat. exemplum; a doublet of " example ")

sample of fine-hulled whole oats like " Garton's Abundance " (120 lb per See also:

WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week), and See also:

Timothy See also:

hay harvested in dry weather. The unbruised oats develop a spirit and courage in either a saddle or harness horse that no other food can.

A See also:

double handful of clean See also:

CHAFF (from the A.S. ceaf, allied to the O. High Ger. cheva, a husk or pod)

chaff, or of See also:

BRAN

bran mixed with the oats in the manger, prevents a greedy horse from swallowing a considerable proportion whole. L-nchewed oats pass out in the faeces uninjured, so that they are capable of germination, and are of less than no value to a horse. Horses doing slow or other than " upper ten " work may have oats crushed, not ground, and a variety of additions made to the oats which are usually the basis of the feed—for example, a few old crushed beans, a little See also:

LINSEED

linseed See also:

MEAL

meal, ground linseed cake or about a See also:

WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine-glassful of unboiled linseed oil. See also:

INDIAN

Indian pulses are to be avoided on account of the danger of Lathyrus poisoning. A seasoning of ground See also:

FENUGREEK

fenugreek or spice is sometimes given to shy feeders to encourage them to eat. A little See also:

SUGAR

sugar or molascuit added to the food will sometimes serve the same purpose. Newly crushed See also:

BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley or cracked See also:

MAIZE, or INDIAN CORN

maize, even in considerable proportion to the rest of the food, gives goodresults with draught, coach, 'bus and light harness horses generally. Boiled food of any kind is unnatural to a horse, and is risky to give, being liable to produce colic, especially if the animal bolts its food when hungry, although it generally produces a glossy coat. Too much linseed, often used in preparing horses for See also:

MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market, gives a similar appearance, but is liable to induce fatty degeneration of the See also:

LIVER (O. Eng. lifer; cf. cognate forms, Dutch lever, Ger. Leber, Swed. lefver, &c.; the O. H. Ger. forms are libara, lipora, &c.; the Teut. word has been connected with Gr. i'prap and Lat. jecur)

liver; given in moderation it regulates the bowels and stimulates the more perfect digestion of other foods. In England red-See also:

CLOVER

clover hay, or, better still, See also:

CRIMSON

crimson-clover or See also:

lucerne hay, is liberally fed to farm horses with about ro lb per day of oats, while they usually run in open yards with shelter sheds. See also:

BEAN (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Bohne)

Bean See also:

STRAW

straw is sometimes given as part of the roughage in See also:

Scotland, but not in England. In England hunters and carriage horses are generally fed on natural hay, in Scotland on Timothy, largely imported from Canada, or ryegrass hay that has not been grown with nitrate of soda.

Heavily nitrated hay is reputed to produce excessive urination and irritation of the See also:

BLADDER (from A.S. blaeddre, connected with bl¢wan, to blow, cf. Ger. blase)

bladder. See also:

PEASE, EDWARD (1767–1858)

Pease straw, if not sandy, and good See also:

bright See also:

OAT (O. Eng. ate; the word is not found in cognate languages; it may be allied with Fr. eitel, knot, nodule, cf. Gr. oiSos swelling)

oat straw are good See also:

FODDER

fodder for horses; but with barley and See also:

wheat straw, in the case of a horse, more See also:

ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy is consumed during its passage through the alimentary See also:

canal than the digested straw yields. Three or four See also:

SWEDISH

Swedish turnips or an See also:

EQUIVALENT

equivalent of carrots is an excellent cooling food for a horse at hard work. The greater number of horses in the See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country should have green See also:

FORAGE

forage given them during summer, when the work they do will permit of it, as it is their natural food, and they thrive better on it than on any dry food. When a horse has been overstrained by work the best remedy is a long rest at pasture, and, if it be lame or weak in the limbs, the See also:

winter See also:

SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season is most conducive to recovery. The horse becomes low in condition and moves about quietly, and the See also:

frost tends to See also:

brace up the limbs. In autumn all horses that have been grazing should be dosed with some vermifuge to destroy the See also:

WORMS

worms that are invariably present, and thus prevent colic or an unthrifty or anaemic See also:

state. On a long See also:

JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey a horse should have occasional short drinks, and near the end a long drink with a slower See also:

RATE

rate of progression with the object of cooling off. In the stable a horse should always be provided with See also:

rock See also:

salt, and See also:

WATER

water to drink at will by means of some such See also:

STALL (0. Eng. steall, stael, cf. Du. stal, Ger. and Swed. Stall, a common Teutonic word for a place, station, place for standing in; the root is the Indo-European std–, to stand, seen also in Latin stabulum, Greek vraO bs, and in stallion, an entire hors

stall fixture as the See also:

MUNDT, THEODOR (18o8–1861)

Mundt hygienic water-supply fittings. Overhead hay-racks are unnatural and are liable to drop seeds into a horse's See also:

eye.

End of Article: BREEDS OF

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