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SCILLY ISLES , a See also:group of small islands, belonging to See also:Cornwall, See also:England, 25 M. W. by S. of See also:Land's End. (For See also:map, see ENGLAND, See also:Section VI.) They See also:form an outlying portion of the See also:granite high-lands of Cornwall; and contain a few metalliferous See also:veins or lodes, which could never have yielded much ore. An old theory that the Scilly Isles could be identified with the " See also:Cassiterides " or " See also:Tin Islands " of See also:Herodotus is abandoned, and the origin oftheir name has never been authoritatively settled. The islands are See also:wild and picturesque, with sheer cliffs and many large caves hollowed out by the See also:Atlantic. Owing to the reefs and shoals by which these shores are surrounded, See also:navigation becomes perilous in rough See also:weather, and many disasters have occurred. In 1707 See also:Sir Cloudesley See also:Shovel perished in the shipwreck of his See also:flagship and two other men-of-See also:war, while two fireships of his See also:squadron were driven aground, and the See also:remainder only narrowly escaped. The graveyard of an old Puritan See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church on St See also:Mary's contains the bodies of 311 persons, drowned in the See also:wreck of the " See also:Schiller " in 1875; and a See also:local See also:- PROVERB (Lat. proverbium, from pro, forth, publicly, verbum, word; the Greek equivalent is irapolµia, from 7rapa, alongside, and oiµos, way, road, i.e. a wayside saying; Ger. Sprichwort)
proverb tells that for every See also:man who See also:dies a natural See also:death on the islands the See also:sea takes nine. Much, how-ever, has been done to minimise the danger, especially by See also:lighting the See also:coast. On St See also:Agnes there is a lighthouse, and on an outlying See also:rock to the See also:south-See also:west is the lonely See also:Bishop See also:Light, constructed with See also:infinite difficulty in 1858, and rebuilt See also:thirty years later.
The islands are composed wholly of granite—outliers of the granite See also:highlands of Cornwall. Most of the granite is coarse and porphyritic, but towards the centre of the See also:original igneous See also:mass it is finer and non-porphyritic. The finer granite occurs on the See also:north-west See also:side of St Mary's, the See also:southern See also:part of Tresco, Bryher and See also:Samson and the north-west side of See also:Annet. Elvans of See also:quartz-See also:porphyry are found in the granite. On the north-See also:east end of See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
White See also:Island a fragment of the altered killas, which once covered the whole See also:area, is still visible. A See also:gravel See also:deposit with See also:chalk flints and See also:Greensand cherts which caps some of the higher ground on St Mary's may possibly be of See also:Eocene See also:age. Raised See also:beach, blown See also:sand, fragmental granitic See also:waste or " See also:head" and an See also:iron-cemented glacial deposit are found resting upon the granite.
The See also:climate of the islands is unusually mild, See also:snow being rarely seen, and the temperature varying from about 46° F. in See also:winter to 58° in summer. As a result, vegetation is luxuriant; fuchsias, geraniums and myrtles attain an immense See also:size, and aloes, See also:cactus and prickly See also:pear flourish in the open. All these, together with palms, may be seen in the gardens of the See also:governor on Tresco Island, which are quite subtropical in See also:character, and, therefore, unique in the See also:British Isles. See also:Great flocks of sea-birds haunt the remoter parts, and on some of the islands there are See also:deer. On Tean there is a See also:warren of white rabbits; and some of the rarer land-birds occasionally visit the islands, such as the See also:golden See also:oriole, which has been known to breed here.
The islands are served by steamers from See also:Penzance, and See also:telephone and See also:telegraph communication is established with the mainland. The raising of See also:early See also:asparagus and other See also:spring vegetables, and of See also:flowers, has taken the See also:place of See also:potato culture as the See also:principal See also:industry. In spring the See also:fields of See also:narcissus and other flowers add greatly to the beauty of the islands. There is also a small See also:coasting See also:trade; and fishing is carried on to some extent, its most important See also:branch being the taking of lobsters for the See also:London See also:market.
The islands which may be distinguished from See also:mere rocks number about 40, and the group has a See also:total area of 4041 acres; but only five islands are inhabited—St Mary's, Tresco, St See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin's, St Agnes and Bryher. The total See also:population in 1901 was 2092. See also:Hugh See also:Town in St Mary's is the See also:capital, occupying a sandy See also:peninsula crowned by the height known as the See also:Garrison, with See also:Star See also:Castle, dating from the days of See also:Elizabeth. The town possesses a See also:harbour, which is used by the Penzance steamers, and a roadstead where large vessels can See also:lie at See also:anchor. The See also:government of the islands is vested in a See also:county See also:council created in 1890, consisting of a chairman, See also:vice-chairman, 4 aldermen, and 18 councillors. For See also:parliamentary purposes the isles are included in the St Ives See also:division of Cornwall.
On Tresco there are the ruins of an See also:abbey, and of two fortifications called See also:Oliver See also:Cromwell's See also:Tower and See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:Charles's Tower; and here also is a church built in 1882 and dedicated to St See also:Nicholas. Numerous See also:rude pillars and circles of stones, resembling those of Cornwall, are to be noticed; and barrows are See also:common, the most remarkable of these prehistoric remains being a See also:barrow on the Isle of Samson, 58 ft. in girth, and containing.
amongst other See also:relics, the only perfect " kistvaen," or sepulchral chamber of See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone, which has been disinterred from any Cornish See also:tomb.
Although the Scilly Isles have been regarded as the remains of Lyonesse, as identical with the Cassiterides, and as the See also:object of an expedition and of See also:conquest on the part of See also:Athelstan in pursuance of a See also:vow made at the See also:shrine of St Burian, it is not until the reign of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry I. that we have indisputable See also:evidence concerning them. The king gave all the churches of Scilly and the land, as the hermits held it in the days of the See also:Confessor, to the See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot and church of See also:Tavistock. A See also:confirmation of this See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant and a further grant to the monks of all wrecks except whole See also:ships and whales was made by Reginald, See also:earl of Cornwall. In 1r8o the bishop of See also:Exeter confirmed a grant by See also:Richard de Wicha of See also:tithes, hitherto withheld, and of rabbits. See also:Secular priests were temporally substituted for regulars by the abbot of Tavistock in 1345. Sharing the dignity of lords of Scilly with the abbot, holding apparently the better See also:half of St Mary's Island, which was already furnished with a castle and a See also:prison, and like the abbot practically beyond the See also:jurisdiction of the See also:hundred courts, the See also:family of Blanchminster (de Albo Monasterio), at the beginning of the 14th See also:century, held of the earldom of Cornwall lands in Scilly at a yearly service of 6s. 8d. or 600 puffins. The See also:Year Books tell us that in cases of See also:- FELONY (0. Fr. felonie, from felon, a word meaning " wicked," common to Romanic languages, cf. Italian fella, fellone, the ultimate origin of which is obscure, but is possibly connected either with Lat. fel, gall, or fallere, to deceive. The English " fel
felony the See also:punishment under this family was for the convicted See also:person to be taken to a certain rock in the sea with two See also:barley loaves and one See also:pitcher of See also:water and to be See also:left on the rock until drowned by the See also:tide. The Blanchminsters resisted and imprisoned the See also:coroner of Cornwall and in 1319 were granted a coroner of their own. In 1345 they are found petitioning the king for a remedy owing to an invasion by 600 of the king's Welsh troops, who, being becalmed at Scilly, had carried away everything, and so impoverished the tenants that they were unable to pay their yearly See also:rent of {40. In 1547 See also:Silvester See also:Danvers, as representing the Blanchminsters, being one of the coheirs, sold his moiety of Scilly to Sir See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Seymour, by whose See also:- ATTAINDER (from the O. Fr. ataindre, ateindre, to attain, i.e. to strike, accuse, condemn; Lat. attingere, tangere, to touch; the meaning has been greatly affected by the confusion with Fr. taindre, teindre, to taint, stain, Lat. tingere, to dye)
attainder in 1549 this and probably the other moiety See also:fell to the See also:crown. The suppression of the religious houses had already placed the church's land and revenues at the king's disposal. During the See also:Civil See also:Wars, Hugh Town stood for the king, and in 1645 afforded a temporary shelter to See also:Prince Charles, until his See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape to See also:Jersey. In 1649 the islands were occupied by a royalist, Sir Richard See also:Grenville, and formed the See also:base from which he swept the surrounding seas for two years, before a See also:fleet under See also:Admiral See also:Blake and Sir See also:John See also:Ayscue forced him to surrender. In See also:ancient times a haunt of pirates, the islands were afterwards notorious for See also:smuggling. In 1687 the whole of Scilly was granted to See also:Sidney See also:Godolphin for eighty-nine years from the expiration of the See also:lease for fifty years granted to See also:Francis Godolphin in 1636 by Charles I. In 1831 See also:Augustus See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith succeeded the Godolphins as lessee or See also:lord-proprietor, and under his and his See also:nephew's See also:wise See also:autocracy the islands prospered.
End of Article: SCILLY ISLES
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