See also:

• FALCONRY (Fr. fauconnerie, from Late Lat. falco, falcon)

It is still practised in Egypt. Perhaps the See also:

• OLDEST

In Europe the game or " See also:

• QUARRY

In all hawks, the See also:

• FEMALE

Useless or obsolete terms are omitted: Austringan.—A falconer. Bate.—A hawk is said to " bate " when she flutters off from the fist, See also:

• PERCH (through Fr. from Lat. perca, Gr. 7rEpKo; the last word is connected with 2repev6r, dark-coloured, spotted)
• PERCH (through Fr. perche from Lat. pertica, a pole or rod used for measurement)

Casting.—The oblong or See also:

• EGG (O.E. aeg, cf. Ger. Ei, Swed. aegg, and prob. Gr. u,ov, Lat. ovum)
• EGG, AUGUSTUS LEOPOLD (1816-1863)

Eyry.—The nest of a hawk. See also:

• FOOT

(See fig.) Jonk.—To See also:

• SLEEP (0. Eng. slcepan; Ger. schlafen; cf. Lat. labi, to glide, and " slip ")

In the last See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

See also:

• RAFTER

Ramage.—Wild. Red hawk.—Hawks of the first See also:

• YEAR

Passage hawks which are not sufficiently reclaimed to be See also:

• LEFT

Care must be taken to make a See also:

• PECULIAR

The falconer should enter the room about 7 or 8 A.M. next day, admitting as little light as possible, or using a See also:

• CANDLE (Lat. candela, from candere, to glow)

Instead of allowing the hawk to seize upon it as she comes up, the falconer should snatch the lure away and let her pass by, and immediately put it out that she may readily seize it when she turns round to look for it. This should be done at first only once, and then progressively until she will stoop backwards and forwards at the lure as often as desired. Next she should be entered at her quarry. Should she be intended for rooks or herons, two or three of these birds should be procured. One should be given her from the hand, then one should be released See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

As they grow old enough they will come out, and perch about the roof of their shed, by degrees extending their flights to neighbouring buildings or trees, never failing to come at feeding time to the place where they are fed. Soon they will be continually on the wing, playing or fighting with one another, and later the falconer will observe them See also:

• CHASING, or ENCHASING

The training of the great northern falcons, as well as that of merlins and hobbies, is conducted much on the above principles, but the jerfalcons (gerfalcons or gyrfalcons) will seldom wait on well, and merlins will not do it at all. The training of short-winged hawks is a simpler process. They must, like falcons, be provided with jesses, swivel, leash and bell. In these hawks a bell is sometimes fastened to the tail. Sparrow-hawks can, however, scarcely carry a bell big enough to be of any service. The hood is seldom used for short-winged hawks—never in the field. They must be made as tame as possible by See also:

• CARRIAGE

Passage hawks are generally employed for flying at these birds, though some-times good eyases are quite equal to the work. For See also:

• HERON (Fr. heron; Ital. aghirone, airone; Lat. ardea; Gr. ipw&bs: A.-S. hragra; Icelandic, hegre; Swed. hager; Dan. heire; Ger. Heiger, Reiher, Heergans; Dutch, reiger)

Absurd stories have been told and pictures drawn of the heron receiving the falcon on its beak in the air. It is, however, well known to all See also:

• PRACTICAL

Slight mistakes on the part of the falconer, false points from dogs, or See also:

• BAD, BCD

. The author here describes with accuracy the condition of unhacked eyases, which no See also:

• MODERN

A field is necessary—at the very least 4 or 5 runners to See also:

• BEAT (a word common in various forms to the Teutonic languages; it is connected with the similar Romanic words derived from the Late Lat. battere)

The laziest and most useless hawks—hawks that will scarcely follow a slow pigeon—will do their best at woodcock, and will very soon, if the sport is continued, be improved in their style of flying. See also:

• SNIPE (0. Eng. Spite, Icel. Snipe, Dutch Snip, Ger. Schnepfe)

For the short-winged hawks an open country is not required; indeed they may be flown in a wood. Goshawks are flown at hares, rabbits, pheasants, partridges and wild-fowl. Only very strong See also:

• FEMALES

In the East large See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

Peregrines which are used for waiting on require a bath at least twice a See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

Contraryto the prevailing notion, hawks show a good deal of See also:

• ATTACHMENT

Goshawks and sparrow-hawks, too, habitually soar in the air at about 9 or to A.M., and remain aloft a consider-able time, but these birds are not of such active habits as the falcons. The frequent bating of thoroughly tame hawks from their blocks, even when not hungry or frightened, proves their restlessness and impatience of repose. So does the wretched condition of the caged falcon (before alluded to), while the really lazy buzzards and kites, which do not in a wild state depend on activity or power of wing for their sustenance, maintain them-selves for years, even during confinement if properly fed, in good case and plumage. Such being the habits of the falcon in a state of nature, the falconer should endeavour to give the hawks under his care as much flying as possible, and he should avoid the very common mistake of keeping too many hawks. In this case a favoured few are sure to get all the work, and the others, possibly equally good if they had fair play, are spoiled for want of exercise. The larger hawks may be kept in health and working order for several years—r5 or 2o—barring accidents. The writer has known peregrines, shaheens and goshawks to reach ages between 15 and 20 years. Goshawks, however, never fly well after 4 or 5 seasons, when they will no longer take difficult quarry; they may be used at rabbits as long as they live. Shaheens maybe seen in the East at an advanced See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

Bibliotheca accipitraria, by J. E. Harting (1891), gives a See also:

• COMPLETE