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Lake and Massapequa Creek, which empties into South Oyster Bay. The villages served by the railway are the only important settlements; those on the hilly north shore are residential. To the north of the village of Oyster Bay, on a long See also:

PENINSULAR

peninsular beach called Centre Island, are the headquarters of the Seawanhaka Yacht See also:

CLUB (connected with " clump ")

Club; and to the east of the same village, especially on Cove Neck, between Oyster Bay Harbor and Cold Spring Harbor, are many summer residences with See also:

FINE

fine grounds. Massapequa, on the south shore, is a residential summer resort. The villages of Hicksville and Farmingdale are rural; the former has many See also:

GENTIAN

Gentian settlers.

See also:

JERICHO (WI:, m;, once ahn:, a word of disputed meaning, whether " fragrant " or " moon [-god] city ")

Jericho, N.E. of Hicksville, is a stronghold of the Hicksite See also:

QUAKERS

Quakers, who are mostly wealthy landowners. In Locust Valley is See also:

Friends' See also:

Academy (1876), a secondary school for boys and girls. There are a few See also:

TRUCK

truck farms in the township, potatoes, cabbages and cucumbers for pickling being the See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal crops; " Oyster Bay See also:

ASPARAGUS

asparagus " was once a famous See also:

CROP (a word common. in various forms, such as Germ. Kropf, to many Teutonic languages for a swelling, excrescence, round head or top of anything; it appears also in Romanic languages derived from Teutonic, in Fr. as troupe, whence the English " crupper "

crop. Oysters are cultivated on the Sound Shore and there are clam beds in Oyster Bay and South Oyster Bay. In the village of Glen Cove there is a large See also:

leather-belting factory. See also:

David Pieterssen de Vries, in his Voyages from See also:

Holland to See also:

AMERICA

America, makes the first mention of Oyster Bay Harbor, which he explored in See also:

JUNE

June 1639. In the same See also:

month See also:

Matthew Sinderland (or See also:

Sunderland) bought from See also:

James Forrett, See also:

DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy of See also:

William See also:

Alexander, See also:

EARL

earl of See also:

Stirling, " two little necks of See also:

LAND

land, the one upon the east side of Oyster Bay Harbor "; but Sinderland made no See also:

settlement A settlement from See also:

LYNN

Lynn, See also:

Mass., was attempted in 1640 but was prevented by See also:

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

Governor William Kieft. By the treaty signed at See also:

HARTFORD

Hartford, See also:

CONNECTICUT

Connecticut, on the 29th of See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 165o by the Commissioners of the See also:

UNITED

United colonies of New See also:

England and those of New Netherland all land east of the See also:

west side of Oyster Bay was granted to the See also:

ENGLISH

English, and all land west to the Dutch; but the Dutch placed Oyster Bay, according to a See also:

LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter of Pieter See also:

STUYVESANT, PETER (1592-1672)

Stuyvesant written in 1659, two and a See also:

HALF

half leagues farther east than the New Englanders did. In 1653 an See also:

INDIAN

Indian See also:

DEED (in O. Eng. dead, from the stem of the verb " to do ")

deed granted land at Oyster Bay to See also:

Peter See also:

Wright and others of See also:

SALEM

Salem and See also:

Sandwich, Mass., who made a permanent settlement here; in 1663 another See also:

sale was made to See also:

CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain See also:

John Underhill (d. 1672), who first went to Long Island about 1653, when he led a force which fought the only important engagement ever fought with the See also:

INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians on Long Island, in which the colonists destroyed the fortification at Fort Neck near the See also:

PRESENT

present Massapequa, of Tackapousha, See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of the Massapequas, an Algonquian tribe, whose name meant " great See also:

pond." Oyster Bay was for a See also:

time closely connected politically with New Haven, but in 1664 with the See also:

REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of Long Island it came under the New York See also:

government of See also:

Richard See also:

NICOLLS, RICHARD (1624–1672)

Nicolls, to whose success Underhill had largely contributed by undermining Dutch See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence on Long Island. In 1689 a Friends' See also:

MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting-See also:

house was built at Jericho, the See also:

home of See also:

ELIAS, JOHN (1774-1841)

Elias See also:

Hicks, near the present Hicksville, the site of which was owned by his See also:

FAMILY

family and which was named in his See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour; and the Dutch built their first See also:

church in Oyster Bay in 1732. The See also:

HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour of Oyster Bay was a famous See also:

SMUGGLING

smuggling See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place at the See also:

close of the 17th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, when there was a customs house here.

The first settlement on the " south side " of the township was made about 1693, when the Massapequa Indians sold 6000 acres at Fort Neck to See also:

Thomas Townsend, and his son-in-See also:

law Thomas Jones (1665-1713), who had fought for James II. at See also:

BOYNE

Boyne and Aghrim, who became a high See also:

SHERIFF

sheriff of See also:

Queen's county in 1704, and who was the founder of the family of Jones and See also:

Floyd-Jones, whose seat was See also:

Tryon See also:

Hall (built at South Oyster Bay, now Massapequa, in 1770); Thomas Jones (1731-1792), See also:

GRAND

grand-son of the first Thomas Jones, was a prominent Loyalist during the See also:

War of See also:

Independence and wrote a valuable See also:

HISTORY

History of New York during the Revolutionary War, first published in 1879. OYSTER-CATCHER, a See also:

BIRD

bird's name which does not seem to occur in books until 1731, when M. See also:

CATESBY, ROBERT (1593-1605)

Catesby (Nat. Hist. Carolina, i. p. 85) used it for a See also:

SPECIES

species which he observed to be abundanton the oyster-See also:

banks See also:

LEFT

left See also:

BARE

bare at See also:

low See also:

WATER

water in the See also:

rivers of Carolina, and believed to feed principally upon those molluscs. In 1776 T. See also:

PENNANT, THOMAS (1726-1798)

Pennant applied the name to the allied See also:

BRITISH

British species, which he and for nearly two See also:

HUNDRED

hundred years many other English writers had called the " Sea-See also:

Pie." The See also:

CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change, in spite of the misnomer —for, whatever may be the See also:

case elsewhere, in England the bird does not feed upon oysters—met with See also:

general approval, and the new name has, at least in books, almost wholly replaced what seems to have been the older one.' The Oyster-catcher of See also:

EUROPE

Europe is the Haematopus2 ostralegus or See also:

LINNAEUS

Linnaeus, belonging to the See also:

GROUP

group now called Limicolae, and is generally included in the family Charadriidae; though some writers have placed it in one of its own, Haematopodidae, chiefly on See also:

account of its See also:

PECULIAR

peculiar See also:

BILL

bill—a long thin wedge, ending in a See also:

VERTICAL (from Lat. vertex, highest point)

vertical edge. Its feet also are much more fleshy than are generally seen in the See also:

PLOVER

Plover family. In its strongly-contrasted plumage of See also:

black and See also:

white, with a See also:

CORAL

coral-coloured bill, the Oyster-catcher is one of the most conspicuous birds of the See also:

EUROPEAN

European coasts, and in many parts is still very See also:

COMMON

common. It is nearly always seen paired, though the pairs collect in prodigious flocks; and, when these are broken up, its shrill but musical cry of " tu-lup," " tu-lup," somewhat pettishly repeated, See also:

HELPS, SIR ARTHUR (1813-1875)

helps to draw See also:

ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to it. Its wariness, however, is very marvellous, and even at the breeding-See also:

SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season, when most birds throw off their shyness, it is not easily approached within See also:

ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary gunshot distance.

The See also:

hen-bird commonly See also:

LAYS

lays three See also:

clay-coloured eggs, blotched with black, in a very slight hollow on the ground not far from the sea. As See also:

INCUBATION

incubation goes on the hollow is somewhat deepened, and perhaps some haulm is added to its edge, so that at last a very See also:

FAIR

fair See also:

NEST

nest is the result. The See also:

young, as in all Limicolae, are at first clothed in down, so mottled in See also:

COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour as closely to resemble the See also:

SHINGLE

shingle to which, if they be not hatched upon it, they are almost immediately taken by their parents, and there, on the slightest alarm, they squat close to elude observation. This species occurs on the British coasts (very seldom straying inland) all the See also:

YEAR

year See also:

ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round; but there is some See also:

REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to think that those we have in See also:

winter are natives of more northern latitudes, while our home-bred birds leave us. It ranges from See also:

ICELAND (Dan. Island)

Iceland to the shores of the Red Sea, and lives chiefly on marine See also:

WORMS

worms, See also:

CRUSTACEA

crustacea and such molluscs as it is able to obtain. It is commonly supposed to be capable of prizing limpets from their See also:

rock, and of opening the shells of mussels; but, though undoubtedly it feeds on both, further See also:

EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence as to the way in which it procures them is desirable. J. E. Harting informed the present writer that the bird seems to See also:

lay its See also:

head sideways on the ground, and then, grasping the limpet's See also:

shell close to the rock between the mandibles, use them as scissor-See also:

BLADES, WILLIAM (1824-1890)

blades to cut off the mollusc from its sticking-place. The Oyster-catcher is not highly esteemed as a bird for the table. Differing from this species in the See also:

possession of a longer bill, in having much less white on its back, in the paler colour of its See also:

MANTLE

mantle, and in a few other points, is the ordinary See also:

AMERICAN

American species, with at least three races, Haematopus palliatus. Except that its See also:

CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call-See also:

note, judging from description, is unlike that of the European bird, the habits of the two seem to be perfectly similar; and the same may be said indeed of all the other species.

The See also:

Falkland Islands are frequented by a third, H. leucopus, very similar to the first, but with a black wing-lining and paler-legs, while the Australian Region possesses a See also:

FOURTH

fourth, H. longirostris, with a very long bill as its name intimates, and no white on its It seems, however, very possible, judging from its equivalents in other European See also:

LANGUAGES

languages, such as the Frisian Oestervisscher, the See also:

German Augsterman, Austernfischer, and the like, that the name " Oyster-catcher " may have been not a colonial invention but indigenous to the See also:

MOTHER

mother-See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, though it had not found its way into See also:

print before. The See also:

French Huitrier, however, appears to be a word coined by See also:

Brisson. " Sea-Pie " has its analogues in the French Pie-de-Mer, the German Meerelster, Seeelster, and so forth. 2 Whether it be the Haematopus, whose name is found in some See also:

EDITIONS

editions of See also:

Pliny (See also:

lib. x. cap. 47) is at best doubtful. Other editions have Himantopus; but See also:

HARDOUIN, JEAN (1646-1729)

Hardouin prefers the former See also:

READING

reading. Both words have passed into See also:

MODERN

modern See also:

ORNITHOLOGY

ornithology, the latter as the generic name of the See also:

STILT

STILT (q.v.); and some writers have blended the two in the See also:

STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange and impossible See also:

compound Haemantopus. primaries. See also:

CHINA

China, See also:

JAPAN

Japan and possibly eastern See also:

ASIA

Asia in general have an Oyster-catcher which seems to be intermediate between the last and the first. This has received the name of H. osculans; but doubts have been expressed as to its deserving specific recognition. Then we have a group of species in which the plumage is wholly or almost wholly black, and among them only do we find birds that fulfil the implication of the scientific name of the genus by having feet that may be called See also:

BLOOD

blood-red. H. See also:

niger, which frequents both coasts of the northern Pacific, has, it is true, yellow legs, but towards the extremity of South America its place is taken by H. ater, in which they are See also:

bright red, and this bird is further remarkable for its laterally compressed and much upturned bill.

The South See also:

AFRICAN

African H. capensis has also See also:

SCARLET

scarlet legs; but in the otherwise very similar bird of See also:

AUSTRALIA

Australia and New See also:

ZEALAND (also SEALAND Or SEELAND; Danish Sjaelland)

Zealand, H. unicolor, these members are of a See also:

PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

pale See also:

BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick-colour. (A.

End of Article: OYSTER BAY

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