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See also:MARCY, See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
WILLIAM LEARNED (1786-1857) , See also:American states-See also:man, was See also:born in See also:Southbridge (then See also:part of Sturbridge), See also:Massachusetts, on the 12th of See also:December 1786. He graduated at See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
Brown University in 18o8, studied See also:law, was admitted to the See also:bar in See also:Troy, New See also:York, and began practice there in 181o. During the See also:War of 1812 he served first as a See also:lieutenant and after-wards as a See also:captain of See also:volunteers, and on the 22nd of See also:October 1812 took part in the storming of the See also:British See also:post at St Regis, See also:Canada. In 1816 he became See also:recorder of Troy, but as he sidedwith the See also:Anti-See also:Clinton See also:faction of the Democratic-Republican Party, known as the " Bucktails," he was removed from See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office in 1818 by his See also:political opponents. As editor of the Troy See also:Budget (daily) he was a vigorous supporter of See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin See also:Van Buren, and when Van Buren's followers acquired See also:control of the legislature in 1821 Marcy was made See also:adjutant-See also:general of the New York See also:militia. From 1823 to 1829 Marcy was See also:comptroller of the See also:state, an office then especially important on See also:account of the large expenditures for See also:internal improvements, and during this See also:period he became the leading member of the famous " See also:Albany Regency," a See also:group of able Democratic politicians who exerted a powerful See also:influence throughout the state by their control of the party patronage and machinery. He was one of the See also:associate justices of the New York Supreme See also:Court from 1829 to 1831, presiding over the trial of the alleged murderers of William See also:Morgan and in other important cases; and was a member of the See also:United States See also:Senate from December 1831 to See also:July 1832, when he resigned to become See also:governor of New York. In a speech in the Senate defending Van Buren against an attack by See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry See also:Clay, Marcy made the unfortunate remark that " to the victors belong the spoils of the enemy," and thereby became widely known as a See also:champion of the proscription of political opponents. He served as governor of New York for six years (See also:Jan. 1, 1833 to Dec. 31, 1838), but was defeated in 1838 by the Whig See also:candidate, William H. See also:Seward. As governor he checked the issue of See also:bank charters by the legislature and secured the enactment, in 1838, of a general banking law, which abolished the See also:monopoly features incident to the old banking See also:system. In 1839-1842 Marcy was a member of a See also:commission appointed by See also:President Van Buren, in accordance with the treaty of 1839 between the United States and See also:Mexico to " examine and decide upon " certain claims of citizens of the United States against Mexico. In 1843 he presided over the Democratic state See also:convention at See also:Syracuse, and in 1844-1845 he was recognized as one of the leaders of the " Hunkers," or See also:regular Democrats in New York, and an active opponent of the " See also:Barn-burners." He was secretary of war under President See also:Polk from 1845 to 1849, and as such discharged with ability the especially onerous duties incident to the conduct of the Mexican War; he became involved, however, in controversies with Generals See also:Scott and See also:- TAYLOR
- TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
- TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
- TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
- TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
- TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
- TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
- TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
- TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
- TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
- TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
- TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
- TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
- TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
- TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
- TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
- TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
- TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
- TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)
Taylor, who accused him, it seems very unjustly, of seeking to embarrass their operations in the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field because they were political opponents of the See also:administration. In the Democratic convention at See also:Baltimore, in 1852, Marcy was a prominent candidate for the presidential nomination, and from 1853 to 1857 he was secretary of state in the See also:cabinet of President See also:Pierce. Few cabinet See also:officers in See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:peace have had more See also:engrossing duties. His circular of the 1st of See also:June 1853 to American See also:diplomatic agents abroad, recommending that, whenever practicable, they should " appear in the See also:simple See also:dress of an American See also:citizen," created much discussion in See also:Europe; in 1867 his recommendation was enacted into a law of See also:Congress. One of the most important matters with which he was called upon to See also:deal was the " Koszta Affair ";1 his " Hulsemann See also:letter " (1853), is an important
1 The " Koszta Affair " involved an interesting question of inter-See also:national law—i.e. the right of an See also:alien domiciled in any See also:country to the See also:protection of that country—and has served as a precedent for the American See also:government in somewhat similar cases that have arisen. Martin Koszta, a Hungarian revolutionist of 1848, had emigrated to the United States and had there taken the preliminary step for See also:naturalization by formally declaring his intention to become a citizen of the United States. In 1853 he went on See also:personal business to See also:Smyrna, where he secured a See also:passport from the American See also:consul; the See also:Austrian consul, however, caused him to be seized and detained on an Austrian brig-of-war. Soon afterward Captain See also:Duncan N. Ingraham (1802–1891), in command of a United States See also:sloop-of-war, arrived at Smyrna, and threatened to attack the Austrian See also:vessel unless Koszta were released; and as a See also:compromise Koszta was placed in the custody of the See also:French consul. To See also:Chevalier Hillsemann, then representing See also:Austria at See also:Washington, who had demanded from the United States the disavowal of the acts of its agents, the See also:complete surrender of. Koszta, and " See also:satisfaction proportionate to the magnitude of the See also:outrage,' Marcy wrote on the 26th of See also:September 1853, that Koszta " when seized and imprisoned was invested with the See also:nationality of the United States " and had a right to the protection of the United States government, and added: " Whenever by the law of nations an individual becomes clothed with our national
state See also:paper, and the principles it enunciates have been approved by leading authorities on See also:international law. In the same See also:year he secured the negotiation of the See also:Gadsden Treaty (see GADSDEN, See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
JAMES), by which the boundary dispute between Mexico and the United States was adjusted and a large See also:area was added to the Federal domain; and in June 1854 he concluded with See also:Lord See also:Elgin, governor-general of Canada, acting for the British Government, a treaty designed to See also:settle the See also:fisheries question and providing for See also:tariff See also:reciprocity (as regards certain enumerated commodities) between Canada and the United States. In 1854 Marcy had to deal with the complications growing out of the See also:bombardment of See also:San Juan del Norte (See also:Greytown), See also:Nicaragua, by the United States sloop-of-war " Cyane " for insults offered the American See also:minister by its inhabitants and for their refusal to make restitution for See also:damages to American See also:property. The expedition of William See also:- WALKER, FRANCIS AMASA (1840-1897)
- WALKER, FREDERICK (184o--1875)
- WALKER, GEORGE (c. 1618-169o)
- WALKER, HENRY OLIVER (1843— )
- WALKER, HORATIO (1858– )
- WALKER, JOHN (1732—1807)
- WALKER, OBADIAH (1616-1699)
- WALKER, ROBERT (d. c. 1658)
- WALKER, ROBERT JAMES (1801-1869)
- WALKER, SEARS COOK (1805—1853)
- WALKER, THOMAS (1784—1836)
- WALKER, WILLIAM (1824-1860)
Walker (q.v.) to Nicaragua in 1855 further complicated the Central American question. The See also:Crimean War, on account of the extensive recruiting therefor by British consuls in several American cities, in violation of American See also:neutrality, led to a diplomatic controversy with See also:Great See also:Britain, and in May 1856 the British minister, See also:John F. T. Crampton (1805-1886), received his passports, and the exequaturs of the British consuls at New York, See also:Philadelphia and See also:Cincinnati were revoked. The incident created great excitement in See also:England, but in 1857 the British government sent See also:Sir See also:Francis See also:Napier to Washington to take Crampton's See also:place. To the See also:Declaration of See also:Paris of 1856, prescribing certain rules of See also:naval warfare, Marcy on behalf of his government refused to subscribe, because Great Britain had rejected his proposed See also:amendment exempting from seizure in time of war all private property not See also:contraband. The diplomatic relations of the United States and See also:Spain furnished, perhaps, the most perplexing of Marcy's problems. Upon the seizure (on Feb. 28, 18J4) of the American vessel " See also:Black See also:Warrior," the See also:confiscation of her See also:cargo, and the fining of her captain by the Cuban authorities, on the ground that this vessel had violated the customs regulations of the See also:port of See also:Havana, See also:slavery propagandists sought to force the administration into an attitude that would See also:lead to war with Spain and make possible the seizure of See also:Cuba; and it was largely due to Marcy's influence that war was averted, Spain restoring the confiscated cargo and remitting the captain's See also:fine.' The secretary, however, was not averse to increasing his popularity and his chances for the See also:presidency by obtaining Cuba in an See also:honourable manner, and it was at his See also:suggestion that James See also:Buchanan, J. Y. See also:- MASON, FRANCIS (1799—1874)
- MASON, GEORGE (1725—1792)
- MASON, GEORGE HEMMING (1818–1872)
- MASON, JAMES MURRAY (1798-1871)
- MASON, JOHN (1586-1635)
- MASON, JOHN YOUNG (1799-1859)
- MASON, LOWELL (1792—1872)
- MASON, SIR JOHN (1503–1566)
- MASON, SIR JOSIAH (1795-1881)
- MASON, WILLIAM (1725—1797)
Mason and See also:Pierre Soule, the ministers respectively to Great Britain, See also:France and Spain, met at See also:Ostend and See also:Aix-la-Chapelle in October 1854 to discuss the Cuban question. But the remarkable " Ostend Manifesto " (see BUCHANAN, JAMES), the outcome of their See also:conference, was quite unexpected, and Marcy promptly disavowed the document. Marcy died at Ballston See also:Spa, New York, on the 4th of July 18J7, a See also:short time after the See also:close of Pierce's administration. In domestic affairs Marcy was a shrewd, but honest See also:partisan; in See also:diplomacy he exhibited the qualities of a broad-minded, patriotic statesman, endowed, however, with vigour, rather than brilliancy, of See also:intellect.
For his See also:early career, consult J. S. See also:Jenkins, Lives of the See also:Governors of New York (See also:Auburn, New York, 1851), and for his See also:work as secretary of state, see James See also:Ford See also:Rhodes, See also:History of the United States (vols. 1. and ii., New York, 1892), and an See also:article by See also:Sidney See also:Webster, " Mr Marcy, the Cuban Question, and the Ostend Manifesto," in vol. viii. of the Political See also:Science Quarterly (New York, 1893).
End of Article: MARCY, WILLIAM LEARNED (1786-1857)
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