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HUGH ROE

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Originally appearing in Volume V20, Page 9 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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HUGH
HUGH, ST

HUGH See also:
ROE (or Row), SIR THOMAS (c. 1581—1644)
ROE, EDWARD PAYSON (1838-1888)
ROE O'DONNELL (1572-1602), eldest son of Hugh MacManus O'Donnell, and See also:

GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of Manus O'Donnell by his second See also:

MARRIAGE

marriage with See also:

JUDITH, THE BOOK OF

Judith O'See also:

NEILL, JAMES GEORGE SMITH (1810-1857)

Neill, was the most celebrated member of his See also:

CLAN (Gaelic clann, O. Ir. cland, connected with Lat. planta, shoot or scion, the ancient Gaelic or Goidelic substituting k for p)

clan. His See also:

MOTHER

mother was Ineen Dubh, daughter of See also:

James See also:

MacDonnell of Kintyre; his See also:

SISTER

sister was the second wife of Hugh O'Neill, 2nd See also:

EARL

earl of See also:

Tyrone. These See also:

FAMILY

family connexions with the Hebridean Scots and with the O'Neills made. the See also:

lord See also:

DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy, See also:

Sir See also:

John See also:

PERROT, SIR JOHN (c. 1S27–1592)

Perrot, afraid of a powerful See also:

COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination against the See also:

ENGLISH

English See also:

government, and induced him to. establish garrisons in Tyrconnel and to demand hostages from Hugh MacManus O'Donnell, which the latter refused to See also:

hand over. In 1587 Perrot conceived a See also:

plan for See also:

KIDNAPPING (from kid, a slang term for a child, and nap or nab, to steal)

kidnapping Hugh Roe (Hugh the Red), now a youth of fifteen, who had already given See also:

PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of exceptional manliness and sagacity. A See also:

MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant See also:

VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel laden with See also:

SPANISH

Spanish wines was sent to Lough Swilly, and anchoring off Rathmullan, where the boy was residing in the See also:

castle of MacSweeny his See also:

foster See also:

PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent, Hugh Roe with some youthful companions was enticed on See also:

BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board, when the See also:

SHIP

ship immediately set See also:

SAIL

sail and conveyed the party to See also:

DUBLIN

Dublin. The boys were kept in See also:

PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison for more than three years In 1591 See also:

young O'Donnell made two attempts to See also:

ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape, the second of which proved successful; and after enduring terrible privations from exposure in the mountains he made his way to Tyrconnel, where in the following See also:

YEAR

year his See also:

FATHER

father handed the chieftainship over to him. Red Hugh lost no See also:

time in leading an expedition against Turlough Luineach O'Neill, then at See also:

war with his kinsman Hugh, earl of Tyrone, with whom O'Donnell was in See also:

ALLIANCE

alliance. At the same time he sent assurances of See also:

LOYALTY

loyalty to the lord deputy, whom he met in See also:

PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person at See also:

DUNDALK

Dundalk in the summer of 1592. But being determined to vindicate the traditional claims of his family in See also:

north See also:

Connaught, he aided Hugh Maguire against the English, though on the See also:

ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice of Tyrone he abstained for a time from committing himself too far. When, however; in r 594 See also:

Enniskillen castle was taken and the See also:

WOMEN

women and See also:

CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children flung into the See also:

RIVER

river from its walls by See also:

order of Sir See also:

Richard See also:

BINGHAM, JOSEPH (1668-1723)

Bingham, the English See also:

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Connaught, O'Donnell sent urgent messages to Tyrone for help; and while he himself hurried to Derry to withstand an invasion of Scots from the isles, Maguire defeated the English with heavy loss at Bellanabriska (The See also:

Ford of the Biscuits). In 1595 Red Hugh again invaded Connaught, putting to the See also:

SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword every soul above fifteen years of See also:

AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age unable to speak Irish; he captured See also:

LONGFORD

Longford and soon afterwards gained See also:

possession of See also:

SLIGO

Sligo, which placed north Connaught at his See also:

mercy.

In 1596 he agreed in See also:

CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with Tyrone to a cessation of hostilities with the English, and consented to meet commissioners from the government near Dundalk. The terms he demanded were, however, refused; and his determination to continue the struggle was strengthened by the prospect of help from See also:

Philip II. of See also:

Spain, with whom he and Tyrone had been in See also:

correspondence. In the beginning of 1597 he made another inroad into Connaught, where O'Conor Sligo had been set up by the English as a counterpoise to O'Donnell. He devastated the See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country and returned to Tyrconnel with See also:

rich spoils; in the following year he shared in Tyrone's victory over the English at the Yellow Ford on the See also:

BLACKWATER

Blackwater; and in 1599 he defeated an See also:

ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt by the English under Sir Conyers See also:

Clifford, governor of Connaught, to succour O'Conor Sligo in Collooney castle, which O'Donnell captured, forcing Sligo to submission. The government now sent Sir See also:

Henry Docwra to Derry, and O'Donnell entrusted to his See also:

cousin Niall Garve the task of opposing him. Niall Garve, however, went over to the English, making himself See also:

MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of O'Donnell's fortresses of See also:

LIFFORD

Lifford and See also:

DONEGAL

Donegal. While Hugh Roe was at-tempting to retake the latter See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in 16or, he heard that a Spanish force had landed in See also:

Munster. He marched rapidly to the See also:

south, and was joined by Tyrone at See also:

BANDON, or BANDONBRIDGE

Bandon; but a See also:

NIGHT

night-attack on the English besieging the Spaniards in See also:

KINSALE

Kinsale having utterly failed, O'Donnell, who attributed the disaster to the incapacity of the Spanish See also:

COMMANDER

commander, took ship to Spain on the 6th of See also:

JANUARY

January 1602 to See also:

lay his complaint before Philip III. He was favourably received by the Spanish See also:

king, but he died at See also:

SIMANCAS

Simancas on the See also:

ROTH, JUSTUS LUDWIG ADOLF (1818-1892)

roth of See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September in the same year. See also:

ROAN (0. Fr. rouan, rouen; Ital. roano, rovano; perhaps connected with rufus, red)

Roan O'DONNELL, 1st earl of Tyrconnel (1575-1608), second son of Hugh MacManus O'Donnell, and younger See also:

BROTHER

brother of Hugh Roe, accompanied the latter in the above-mentioned expedition to Kinsale; and when his brother sailed for Spain he transferred his authority as See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief to Rory, who led the O'Donnell contingent back to the north. In 1602 Rory gave in his See also:

ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance to Lord See also:

MOUNTJOY (or MoNTJoY), BARONS AND VISCOUNTS

Mountjoy, the lord deputy; and in the following summer he went to See also:

LONDON

London with the earl of Tyrone,where he was received with favour by James I., who created him earl of Tyrconnel. In 16o5 he was invested with authority as See also:

LIEUTENANT

lieutenant of the king in Donegal.

But the arrangement between Rory and Niall Garve insisted upon by the government was displeasing to both O'Donnells, and Rory, like Hugh Roe before him, entered into negotiations with Spain. His country, had been reduced to a See also:

DESERT

desert by See also:

FAMINE (Lat. fames, hunger)

famine and war, and his own reckless extravagance had plunged him deeply in See also:

DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt. These circumstances as much as the fear that his designs were known to the government may have persuaded him to leave See also:

Ireland. In September 16o7 " the See also:

FLIGHT

flight of the earls " (see O'NEILL) took place, Tyrconnel and Tyrone reaching See also:

Rome in See also:

APRIL

April 16o8, where Tyrconnel died on the 28th of See also:

JULY

July. His wife, the beautiful daughter of the earl of See also:

KILDARE

Kildare, was See also:

LEFT

left behind in the haste of Tyrconnel's flight, and lived to marry See also:

Nicholas Barnewell, Lord Kingsland. By Tyrconnel she had a son Hugh; and among other children a daughter See also:

Mary See also:

Stuart O'Donnell, who, See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born after her father's flight from Ireland, was so named by James I. after his mother. This See also:

LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady, after many romantic adventures disguised in male attire, married a See also:

man called O'Gallagher and died in poverty on the See also:

CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent. Rory O'Donnell was attainted by .the Irish See also:

PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament in 1614, but his son Hugh, who lived at the Spanish See also:

Court, assumed ti See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of earl; and the last titular earl of Tyrconnel was this Hugh's son Hugh See also:

Albert, who died without heirs in 1642, and who by his will appointed Hugh Balldearg O'Donnell (see above) his See also:

HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir, thus restoring the chieftainship to the See also:

elder See also:

BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the family. To a still elder branch belonged See also:

Daniel O'Donnell (1666–1735), a See also:

general of the famous Irish See also:

BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade in the See also:

French service, whose father, Turlough, was a son of Hugh Dubh O'Donnell, elder brother of Manus, son of an earlier Hugh Dubh mentioned above. Daniel served in the French See also:

army in the See also:

WARS

wars of the See also:

period, fighting against See also:

Marlborough at Oudenarde and See also:

MALPLAQUET

Malplaquet at the See also:

head of an O'Donnell See also:

REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment. He died in 1735. The famous Cathach, or See also:

BATTLE

Battle-See also:

BOOK

Book of the O'Donnells, was in the possession of General Daniel O'Donnell, from whom it passed to more See also:

MODERN

modern representatives of the family, who presented it to the Royal Irish See also:

Academy, where it is preserved.

This relic, of which a curious See also:

LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend is told (see P. W. Joyce, A Social See also:

HISTORY

History of See also:

Ancient Ireland, vol. i. p. 501), is a Psalter said to have belonged to See also:

SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint See also:

COLUMBA, SAINT (Irish, Colum)

Columba, a kinsman of the O'Donnells, which was carried by them in battle as a See also:

CHARM (through the Fr. from the Lat. carmen, a song)

charm or See also:

TALISMAN

talisman to secure victory. Two other circumstances connecting the O'Donnells with ancient Irish literature may be mentioned. The family of O'Clery, to which three of the celebrated " Four Masters " belonged, were hereditary 011aves (doctors of history, See also:

MUSIC

music, See also:

law, &c.) attached to the family of O'Donnell; while the " Book of the Dun Cow " (Lebor-na-h Uidhre), one of the most ancient Irish See also:

MSS., was in the possession of the O'Donnells in the 14th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century; and the estimation in which it was held at that time is proved by the fact that it was given to the O'Conors of Connaught as See also:

RANSOM (from Lat. redemptio, through Fr. rancon)

ransom for an important prisoner, and was forcibly recovered some years later. See O'NEILL, and the authorities there cited. (R. J. M.) O'DONNELL, HENRY See also:

JOSEPH (1769-1834), See also:

COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of La Bisbal, Spanish soldier, was descended from the O'Donnells who left Ireland after the battle of the See also:

BOYNE

Boyne.' Born in Spain, he See also:

early entered the Spanish army, and in 1810 became general, receiving a command in See also:

CATALONIA (Cataluna)

Catalonia, where in that year he earned his title and the See also:

RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

field-See also:

MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal. He afterwards held posts of See also:

GREAT

great responsibility under See also:

Ferdinand VII., whom he served on the whole with constancy; the events of 1823 compelled his flight into See also:

France, where he was interned at See also:

LIMOGES

Limoges, and where he- died in 1834. His second son See also:

LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

LEOPOLD O'DONNELL (1809–1867), See also:

DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

TETUAN (TETTAwAN)

Tetuan, Spanish general and statesman, was born at See also:

SANTA

Santa Cruz, See also:

TENERIFFE [Tenerife]

Teneriffe, on the 12th of January 1809.

He fought in the army of See also:

Queen See also:

Christina, where he attained the rank of general of See also:

DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division; and in 184o he accompanied the queen into See also:

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile. He failed in an attempt to effect a rising in her favour at See also:

PAMPLONA, or PAMPELUNA

Pamplona in 1841, but took a more successful See also:

PART

part in the See also:

MOVEMENT

movement which led to the overthrow and exile of ' A branch of the family settled in See also:

Austria, and General Karl O'Donnell, count of Tyrconnel (1715–1771) , held important commands during the Seven Years' War. The name of a descendant figures in the history of the See also:

ITALIAN

Italian and Hungarian See also:

CAMPAIGNS

campaigns of 1848 and 1849, See also:

ESPARTERO, BALDOMERO (1792-1879)

Espartero in 1843. From 1844 to 1848 he served the new government in See also:

CUBA (the aboriginal name)

Cuba; after his return he entered the See also:

SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate. In 1854 he became war See also:

MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister under Espartero, and in 1856 he plotted successfully against his chief, becoming head of the See also:

CABINET

cabinet from the July revolution until See also:

OCTOBER

October. This rank he again reached in July 1858; and in See also:

DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1859 he took command of the expedition to See also:

MOROCCO

Morocco, and received the title of duke after the surrender of Tetuan. Quitting See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office in 1863, he again resumed it in See also:

JUNE

June 1865, but was compelled to resign in favour of See also:

Narvaez in 1866. He died at See also:

BAYONNE

Bayonne on the 5th of See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1867. There is a See also:

LIFE

Life of Leopold O'Donnell in La See also:

CORONA (Lat. for " crown ")

Corona de See also:

LAUREL

laurel, by See also:

Manuel See also:

Ibo Alfaro (See also:

MADRID

Madrid, 186o). O'See also:

DONOVAN, EDWARD (1768–1837)

DONOVAN, See also:

EDMUND (1844–1883), See also:

BRITISH

British war-correspondent, was born at Dublin on the 13th of September 1844, the son of John O'Donovan (18og–1861), a well-known Irish archaeologist and topographer. In 1866 he began to contribute to the Irish Times and other Dublin papers. After the battle of See also:

SEDAN

Sedan he joined the See also:

FOREIGN

Foreign See also:

LEGION (Lat. legio)

Legion of the French army, and was wounded and taken prisoner by the Germans.

In 1873 the Carlist rising attracted him to Spain, and he wrote many newspaper letters on the See also:

CAMPAIGN

campaign. In 1876 he represented the London Daily See also:

NEWS

News during the rising of Bosnia and Herzegovina against the See also:

TURKS

Turks, and in 1879, for the same See also:

paper, made his adventurous and famous See also:

JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey to See also:

MERV, MERU

Merv. On his arrival at Merv, the Turcomans, suspecting him to be a See also:

RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

spy, detained him. It was only after several months' captivity that O'Donovan managed to get a See also:

MESSAGE (a word occurring in slightly different forms in several languages, e.g. Fr. message, Span. mensaje, Ital. messagio; adapted from the Low Lat. missaticum, from mittere)

message to his principals through to See also:

PERSIA

Persia, whence it was telegraphed to See also:

England. These adventures he described in The Mery See also:

OASIS (Gr. &toss, the name given by Herodotus to the fertile spots in the Libyan desert: it probably represents an Egyptian word, cf. Coptic ouahe, ouih, to dwell, from which the Egyptian Arabic sod is derived)

Oasis (1882). In 1883 O'Donovan accompanied the See also:

ill-fated expedition of See also:

Hicks See also:

PASHA

Pasha to the See also:

EGYPTIAN

Egyptian See also:

SUDAN (Arabic Bilad-es-Sudan, country of the blacks)

Sudan,. and perished with it. O'DONOVAN, See also:

WILLIAM See also:

RUDOLF (otherwise known as Basso NOROK and Gannon)

RUDOLF (1844– ), See also:

AMERICAN

American sculptor, was born in See also:

Preston See also:

COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, See also:

Virginia, on the 28th of See also:

March 1844. He had no technical See also:

art training, but after the See also:

CIVIL

Civil War, in which he served in the Confederate army, he opened a studio in New See also:

York See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City and became a well-known sculptor, especially of memorial pieces. Among these are statues of See also:

George See also:

Washington (in See also:

CARACAS

Caracas), See also:

Lincoln and See also:

Grant (Prospect See also:

Park, See also:

BROOKLYN

Brooklyn), the captors of See also:

Major See also:

ANDRE, JOHN (1751-178o)

Andre (Tarry-See also:

TOWN

town, N.Y.), and See also:

ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

Archbishop See also:

Hughes (See also:

FORDHAM

Fordham University, Fordham, N.Y.), and a memorial tablet to See also:

Bayard See also:

Taylor (Cornell University). In 1878 he become an See also:

ASSOCIATE (Lat. associates, from ad, to, and sociare to join)

associate of the See also:

NATIONAL

National Academy of See also:

DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

Design.

End of Article: HUGH ROE

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