See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Pollock; Thonissen, See also:

• DROIT (Fr. for " right," from Lat. directus, straight)

Sidgwick in Classical See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

We are also told that originally the land was equally divided among the citizens of Sparta, and that this equality was enforced by law (See also:

• POLYBIUS (c. 204–122 B.C.)

They precede the introduction of coined money into Crete, the penalties being reckoned, not in coins, but in caldrons,. They See also:

• DEAL

The estates of See also:

• HUSBAND

See also:

• COMPARETTI, DOMENICO (1835- )

See also:

• GARDNER
• GARDNER, PERCY (1846– )

Two centuries later, his code was adopted even by the See also:

• CHARONDAS

The judicial duties thenceforth discharged by the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

Hist. Inscr. No. 59). It drew a careful distinction between different kinds of homicide. Of the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

Solon's legislation also had an important effect on the law of property. In primitive times, on a man's See also:

• DEATH

Wyse, ib. p. 348 f.). Among the reforms of See also:

• CLEISTHENES

At the first See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

A prosecutor who (like See also:

• AESCHINES (389-314 B.C.)
• AESCHINES (5th century B.C.)

In the old Germanic law all trials whatsoever were held in the open See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

If the votes were equal, the person accused was acquitted. The proceedings lasted for three days, and each See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

If the accused were found guilty, he incurred the proper penalty; if acquitted, he remained in exile. 5. The See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

The transfer of the first of the above courts to the council of the Areopagus is attributed to Solon. In practice the jurisdiction of the ephetae (see also AREOPAGUS) was probably confined to the courts at the Palladion and Delphinion; but even there the rights of this primitive body became obsolete, for trials " at the Palladion " sometimes came before an ordinary tribunal of 500 or 700 jurors (Isocr. C. Callim. 52, 54; [Dem.] c. Neaeram, ro). Except in the case of the primitive courts of homicide, the right of jurisdiction was entrusted to the several archons until The the date of Solon (594)• When the direct jurisdiction presidents of the archons was impaired by Solon's institution othhe of the " right of appeal to the law-courts," the tribunals, dignity of those officials was recognized by their having the privilege of presiding over the new tribunals (iyeµovia &Kavrrlpion). A similar position was assigned to the other executive See also:

• OFFICERS

Thus the chief archon, the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

The four representatives of any given tribe received notice of such claims brought against members of that tribe. It seems probable that they dealt with all private suits not other-See also:

• WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER (1806-1876)
• WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

24. 3), and this number was never exceeded (Aristoph. Vesp. 661 f.). Any Athenian citizen in full See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

J. See also:

• BONNER, EDMUND (1500?—1569)

57). The third 1 In the case of " animals," we may compare the See also:

• MOSAIC (corresponding to Lat. opus musivum, from Gr. µovoeiov, an artificial grotto often decorated with mosaics; the word is only found in the sense of mosaic in late Greek, which generally uses k oXI yrlµa)

63, and fig. r in See also:

• FRONTISPIECE (through the French, from Med. Lat. frontispicium, a front view, frons, frontis, forehead or front, and specere, to look at; the English spelling is a mistaken adaptation to " piece ")

The technical term for this information, denunciation or See also:

• IMPEACHMENT (O. Fr. empeahement, empeschement, from em pecher or empescher, to hinder, Late Lat. impedicare, to entangle, pedica, fetter, pes, foot)

34) ; and, of the latter, the proceedings of See also:

• DEMOSTHENES

In the first, the person accused was summarily arrested by the prosecutor and haled into the presence of the proper official. In the second, the accuser took the officer with him to See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

Hence the plaintiff was said " to have a suit assigned him by lot " (Xayxavecv StK17v), a phrase practically See also:

• EQUIVALENT

Eisangelia. 506 See also:

• MERCANTILE (or COMMERCIAL) AGENCIES

The witnesses were never cross-examined, but one of the litigants might formally interrogate the other. The case for the defence was sometimes finally supported by pathetic appeals on the part of relatives and friends. When the speeches were over, the votes were taken. In the 5th century See also:

• MUSSEL (0. Eng. muscle, Lat. musculus, diminutive of mus, mouse, applied to small sea fish and mussels)

On the See also:

• PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

Fines were collected and confiscated property sold by special officials, called srpaKTOper and awX,lral respectively. In private suits the sentence was executed by the state if the latter had a share in any fine imposed, or if imprisonment were part of the penalty. Otherwise, the execution of the sentence was left to the plaintiff, who had the right of distraint, or, if this failed, could bring an action of See also:

• EJECTMENT (Lat. e, out, and jacere, to throw)

We have a striking example of this in the terms in which See also:

• LYSIAS

On the other hand, the Athenians were naturally the quickest and cleverest people in the See also:

• WORLD

Sandys (London, '893); Lysias, ed. Frohberger (Leipzig, '866—'870; Isaeus, ed. Wyse (Cambridge, 1904) ; Demosthenes, Private Orations, ed. See also:

• PALEY, FREDERICK APTHORP (1815-1888)
• PALEY, WILLIAM (1743-1805)

Busolt, Staatsund Rechtsaltertumer, ed. 2 (See also:

• MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

R. Kennedy, Appendices to transl. of Dem. vols. iii. and iv. (1856–1861) ; See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)