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MACCARTHY, DENIS FLORENCE (1817-1882)

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 202 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MACCARTHY, See also:DENIS See also:FLORENCE (1817-1882) , Irish poet, was See also:born in See also:Dublin on the 26th of May 1817, and educated there and at See also:Maynooth. His earlier verses appeared in The Dublin Satirist, and in 1843 he became a See also:regular contributor of See also:political See also:verse to the recently founded Nation. He also took an active See also:part in the Irish political associations. In 1846 he edited The Poets and Dramatists of See also:Ireland and the See also:Book of Irish See also:Ballads. His collected Ballads, Poems and Lyrics (185o), including See also:translations from nearly all the See also:modern See also:languages, took immensely with his countrymen on See also:account of their patriotic See also:ring. This was followed by The Bellfounder (1857), Under-glimpses and other poems (1857) and The See also:Early See also:Life of See also:Shelley (1871). In 1853 he began a number of translations from the See also:Spanish of See also:Calderon's dramas, which won for him a See also:medal from the Royal Spanish See also:Academy. He had already been granted a See also:civil See also:list See also:pension for his See also:literary services. He died in Ireland on the 7th of See also:April 1882. M'CARTHY, See also:JUSTIN (183o- ), Irish politician, historian and novelist, was born in See also:Cork on the 22nd of See also:November 183o, and was educated at a school in that See also:town. He began his career as a journalist, at the See also:age of eighteen, in Cork. From 1853 to 1859 he was in See also:Liverpool, on the See also:staff of the See also:Northern Daily Times, during which See also:period he married (in See also:March 1855) See also:Miss See also:Charlotte See also:Allman.

In 186o he removed to See also:

London, as See also:parliamentary reporter to the See also:Morning See also:Star, of which he became editor in 1864. He gave up his See also:post in 1868, and, after a lecturing tour in the See also:United States, joined the staff of the Daily See also:News as See also:leader-writer in 1870. In this capacity he became one of the most useful and respected upholders of the Liberal politics of the See also:time. He lectured again in See also:America in 1870-1871, and again in 1886-1887. He represented Co. See also:Longford in See also:Parliament as a Liberal and See also:Home Ruler from 1879 to 1885; See also:North Longford, 1885-1886; See also:Londonderry, 1886-1892; and North Longford from 1892 to 1900. He was chairman of the See also:Anti-Parnellites from the fall of C. S. See also:Parnell in 1890 until See also:January 1896; but his Nationalism was of a temperate and orderly See also:kind, and though his See also:personal distinction singled him out for the chairmanship during the party dissensions of this period, he was in no active sense the political leader. His real See also:bent was towards literature. His earliest publications were novels, some of which, such as A See also:Fair Saxon (1873), Dear See also:Lady Disdain (1875), Miss Misanthrope (1878), Donna Quixote (1879), attained considerable popularity. His most important See also:work is his See also:History of Our Own Times (vols. i.-iv., 1899-188o; vol. v., 1897),which treats of the period between See also:Queen See also:Victoria's See also:accession and her See also:diamond See also:jubilee.

Easily and delightfully written, and on the whole eminently sane and moderate, these volumes See also:

form a brilliant piece of narrative from a Liberal standpoint. He also began a History of the Four Georges (1884-1901), of which the latter See also:half was written by his son, Justin See also:Huntly M'Carthy (b. 1860), himself the author of various See also:clever novels, plays, poetical pieces and See also:short histories. Justin M'Carthy, amongst other See also:works, wrote See also:biographies of See also:Sir See also:Robert See also:Peel (1891), See also:Pope See also:Leo XIII. (1896) and W. E. See also:Gladstone (1898); Modern See also:England (1898); The Reign of Queen See also:Anne (1902) and Reminiscences (2 vols., 1899). McCHEYNE, ROBERT See also:MURRAY (1813-1843), Scottish divine, was born at See also:Edinburgh on the 21st of May 1813, was educated at the University and at the Divinity See also:Hall of his native See also:city, and held pastorates at See also:Larbert, near See also:Falkirk, and See also:Dundee. A See also:mission of inquiry among the See also:Jews throughout See also:Europe and in See also:Palestine, and a religious revival at his See also:church in Dundee, made him feel that he was being called to evangelistic rather than to See also:pastoral work, but before he could carry out his plans he died, on the 25th of March 1843. McCheyne, though wielding remark-able See also:influence in his lifetime, was still more powerful afterwards, through his See also:Memoirs and Remains, edited by See also:Andrew See also:Bonar, which ran into far over a See also:hundred See also:English See also:editions. Some of his See also:hymns, e.g. " When this passing See also:world is done," are well known.

See his Life, by J. C. See also:

Smith (1910). McCLELLAN, See also:GEORGE See also:BRINTON (1826-1885), See also:American soldier, was born in See also:Philadelphia on the 3rd of See also:December 1826. After passing two years (1840-1842) in the university of See also:Pennsylvania, he entered the United States military academy, from which he graduated with high honours in See also:July 1846. Sent as a See also:lieutenant of See also:engineers to the Mexican See also:War, he took part in the battles under See also:General See also:Scott, and by his gallantry won the brevets of first-lieutenant at Contreras-Churubusco and See also:captain at Chapultepec; he was afterwards detailed as assistant-instructor at See also:Nest Point, and employed in explorations in the See also:South-See also:West and in See also:Oregon. Promoted in 1855 captain of See also:cavalry, he served on a military See also:commission sent to Europe to study See also:European armies and especially the war in the See also:Crimea. On his return he furnished an able and interesting See also:report, republished (1861) under the See also:title of Armies of Europe. In 1856 he designed a See also:saddle, which was afterwards well known as the McClellan. Resigning his commission in 18J7, McClellan became successively See also:chief engineer and See also:vice-See also:president of the See also:Illinois Central railroad (1857-186o), general See also:superintendent of the See also:Mississippi & See also:Ohio railroad, and, a little later, president of the eastern See also:branch of the same, with his See also:residence in See also:Cincinnati. When the Civil War See also:broke out he was, in April 1861, made See also:major-general of three months' See also:militia by the See also:governor of Ohio; but General Scott's favour at See also:Washington promoted him rapidly (May 14) to the See also:rank of major-general, U.S.A., in command of the See also:department of the Ohio. Pursuant to orders, on the 26th of May, McClellan sent a small force across the Ohio See also:river to See also:Philippi, dispersed the Confederates there early in See also:June, and immensely aided the Unioncause in that region by rapid and brilliant military successes, gained in the short space of eight days.

These operations, though comparatively trivial as the Civil War See also:

developed, brought See also:great results, in permanently dividing old See also:Virginia by the creation of the See also:state of West Virginia, and in presenting the first See also:sharp, short and wholly successful See also:campaign of the war. Soon after the first See also:Bull Run disaster he was summoned to Washington, and the See also:Union hailed him as chieftain and preserver. Only See also:thirty-four years old, and with military fame and promotion premature and quite in excess of See also:positive experience, he reached the See also:capital See also:late in July and assumed command there. At first all was deference and compliance with his wishes. In November Scott retired that the See also:young general might See also:control the operations of the whole Union See also:army. McClellan proved himself extra-ordinarily able as an organizer and trainer of soldiers. During the autumn, See also:winter and See also:spring he created the famous Army of the See also:Potomac, which in victory and defeat retained to the end the impress of McClellan's work. But he soon showed petulance towards the civil authorities, from whom he came to differ concerning the political ends in view; and he now found severe critics, who doubted his capacity for directing an offensive war; but the See also:government yielded to his plans for an oblique, instead of a See also:direct, See also:movement upon See also:Richmond and the opposing army. At the .moment of starting he was relieved as general-inchief. By the 5th of April a great army was safely transported to Fortress See also:Monroe, and other troops were sent later, though a large force was (much against his will) retained to See also:cover Washington. McClellan laid slow See also:siege to See also:Yorktown, not breaking the thin See also:line first opposed to him, but giving See also:Johnston full time to reinforce and then evacuate the position. McClellan followed up the Confederate rearguard and approached Richmond, using See also:White See also:House on the Pamunkey as a See also:base of supplies; this entailed a See also:division of his forces on either See also:bank of the See also:Chickahominy.

At Fair Oaks (Seven Pines) was fought on the 31st of May a bloody See also:

battle, ending the following See also:day in a Confederate repulse. Johnston being severely wounded, See also:Lee came to command on the See also:Southern See also:side. After a pause in the operations McClellan See also:felt himself ready to attack at the moment when Lee, leaving a See also:bare handful of men in the Richmond lines, despatched two-thirds of his entire force to the north of the Chickahominy to strike McClellan's isolated right wing. McClellan himself made little progress, and the troops beyond the Chickahominy were defeated after a strenuous See also:defence; whereupon McClellan planned, and during the celebrated Seven Days' Battle triumphantly executed, a See also:change of base to the See also:James river. But the result was strategically a failure, and General See also:Halleck, who was now general-in-chief, ordered the army to reinforce General Pope in central Virginia. The See also:order was obeyed reluctantly. Pope's disastrous defeats brought McClellan a new opportunity to retrieve his fame. Again in command of the Army of the Potomac, he was sent with all available forces to oppose Lee, who had crossed the Potomac into See also:Maryland early in See also:September. McClellan advanced slowly and carefully, reorganizing his army as he went. The battle of South See also:Mountain placed him in a position to attack Lee, and a few days later was fought the great battle of See also:Antietam, in which Lee was worsted. But the See also:Con-federates safely recrossed the Potomac, and McClellan showed his former faults in a tardy pursuit. On the See also:eve of an aggressive movement, which he was at last about to make, he was superseded by See also:Burnside (Nov.

7). McClellan was never again ordered to active command, and the political elements opposed to the general policy of See also:

Lincoln's See also:administration See also:chose him as presidential See also:candidate in 1864, on a See also:platform which denounced the war as a failure and proposed negotiating with the South for See also:peace. McClellan, while accepting his candidacy, repudiated the platform, like a soldier and patriot. At the polls on the 8th of November Lincoln was triumphantly re-elected president. McClellan had previously resigned his commission in the army, and soon afterwards went to Europe, where he remained until 1868. Upon his return he took up his residence in New See also:York City, where (1868-1869) he was engaged in superintending the construction of an experimental floating See also:battery. In 1870-1872 he was engineer-in-chief of the city's department of docks. With See also:Orange, N.J., as his next See also:principal residence, he became governor of New See also:Jersey (1878-1881). During his See also:term he effected great reforms in the administration of the state and in the militia. He was offered, but declined, a second nomination. During his last years he made several See also:tours of Europe, visited the See also:East, and wrote much for the magazines. He also prepared monographs upon the Civil War, defending his own See also:action.

He died suddenly of See also:

heart-disease on the 29th of See also:October 1885 at Orange. McClellan was a clear and able writer and effective See also:speaker; and his Own See also:Story, edited by a friend and published soon after his See also:death, discloses an See also:honourable See also:character, sensitive to reproach, and conscientious, even morbidly so; in his patriotism. He carried himself well in civil life and was of irreproachable private conduct. During the Civil War, however, he was promoted too early and rapidly for his own See also:good, and the strong personal See also:magnetism he inspired while so young developed qualities injurious to a full measure of success and usefulness, despite his great opportunities. The reasons for his final displacement in 1862 were both civil and military, and the president had been forbearing with him. As a soldier he possessed to an extra-See also:ordinary degree the enthusiastic See also:affection of his men. With the army that he had created the See also:mere rumour of his presence was often a See also:spur to the greatest exertions. That he was slow, and perhaps too See also:tender-hearted, in handling armed masses for action may be admitted, and though admirable for defensive war and a safe strategist, he showed himself unfitted to take the highly essential initiative, both because of temperament and his habitual exaggeration of obstacles and opposing See also:numbers. But he met and checked the armies of the Confederacy when they were at their best and strongest, and his work laid the See also:foundations of ultimate success. His son, GEORGE BRINTON MCCLELLAN (b. 1865), graduated in 1886 at See also:Princeton (from which he received the degree of LL.D. in 1905), and became a newspaper reporter and editor in New York City. He identified himself with the Tammany Hall organization, and in 1889-1892 was treasurer of the New York and See also:Brooklyn See also:Bridge under the city government.

In 1892 he was admitted to the See also:

bar, and was elected to the See also:board of aldermen, of which he was president in 1893 and 1894. In 1895-1903 he was a Democratic representative in See also:Congress; in 1903 he was elected See also:mayor of New York City on the Tammany See also:ticket, defeating mayor See also:Seth See also:Low, the "See also:Fusion" candidate; and in 1905 he was re-elected for a four-See also:year term, defeating See also:William M. Ivins (Republican) and William R. Hearst (See also:Independence See also:League). He published The See also:Oligarchy of See also:Venice (1904). Besides the report mentioned above, General McClellan 'wrote a See also:Bayonet Exercise (1852) ; Report on Pacific Railroad Surveys (1854) ; Report on the Organizalion,.&c., of the Army of the Potomac (1864), a government publication which he himself republished with the addition of a memoir of the West Virginian campaign. He also wrote a See also:series of articles on the Russo-See also:Turkish War for The North American See also:Review. See memoir prefaced to McClellan's Own Story, and Michie, General McClellan (" Great Commanders " series).

End of Article: MACCARTHY, DENIS FLORENCE (1817-1882)

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