Online Encyclopedia

Behar but one of the greatest noblemen of all India. Maharaja Lachhmeswar Singh Bahadur, who succeeded to the raj in 1860 and died in 1898, was distinguished for his public services, and especially as one of the most munificent of living philanthropists. Under his supervision his raj came to be regarded as the See also:

MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model for good and benevolent management; he constructed hundreds of See also:

MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles of roads planted with trees, bridged all the rivers, and constructed See also:

IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation See also:

WORKS

works on a See also:

GREAT

great See also:

scale. His charities were without limit; thus he contributed £300,000 for the relief of the sufferers from the Bengal famine of 1873-1874, and it is computed that during his See also:

possession of the raj he expended at least X2,000,000 on charities, works of public utility, and charitable remissions of See also:

RENT

rent. For many years he served as a member of the legislative See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of the See also:

VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy with conspicuous ability and moderation of view. As representative of the landowners of See also:

BERAR

Berar and Bengal he took an important part in the discussion on the Bengal Tenancy See also:

BILL

Bill. He was succeeded by his See also:

BROTHER

brother, Maharaja Rameshwar Singh Bahadur, who was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 16th of See also:

JANUARY

January 1860, and on attaining his See also:

MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority in 1878 was appointed to the See also:

INDIAN

Indian See also:

CIVIL

Civil Service, serving as assistant See also:

MAGISTRATE (Lat. magistratus, from magister, master, properly a public office, hence the person holding such an office)

magistrate successively at Darbhanga, Chhapra and Bhagalpur. In 1886 he was created a raja bahadur, exempted from attendance at the civil courts, and appointed a member of the legislative council of Bengal.

He was created a maharaja bahadur on his See also:

SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession to the raj in 1898. Like his brother, he was educated by an See also:

ENGLISH

English See also:

TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor, and his See also:

ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration carried on the enlightened traditions of his predecessor. See See also:

Sir Roper Lethbridge, The See also:

GOLDEN

Golden See also:

BOOK

Book of India. D'ARBLAY, FRANCES (1752-1840), English novelist and diarist, better known as FANNY See also:

BURNEY, CHARLES (1726-1814)

BURNEY, daughter of Dr See also:

Charles Burney (q.v.), was born at See also:

King's See also:

LYNN

Lynn, See also:

Norfolk, on the 13th of See also:

JUNE

June 1752. Her See also:

MOTHER

mother was See also:

ESTHER

Esther Sleepe, granddaughter of a See also:

French refugee named See also:

Dubois. Fanny was the See also:

FOURTH

fourth See also:

child in a See also:

FAMILY

family of six. Of her See also:

BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers, See also:

James (1750-1821) became an See also:

ADMIRAL

admiral and sailed with See also:

CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain See also:

Cook on his second and third voyages, and Charles Burney (1757-1817) was a well-known classical See also:

SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar. In 176o the family removed to See also:

LONDON

London, and Dr Burney, who was now a fashionable See also:

MUSIC

music See also:

MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master, took a See also:

house in See also:

Poland See also:

Street. Mrs Burney died in 1761, when Fanny was only nine years old. Her sisters Esther (Hetty), afterwards Mrs Charles See also:

Rousseau Burney, and Susanna, afterwards Mrs See also:

Phillips, were sent to school in See also:

Paris, but Fanny was left to educate herself. Early in 1766 she paid her first visit to Dr Burney's friend See also:

SAMUEL

Samuel Crisp at Chessington See also:

Hall, near See also:

EPSOM

Epsom. Dr Burney had first made Samuel Crisp's acquaintance about 1745 at the house of See also:

FULKE, WILLIAM (1538-1589)

Fulke Greville, grandfather of the diarists, and the two studied music while the See also:

REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the guests hunted.

Crisp wrote a See also:

PLAY

play, See also:

Virginia, which was staged by See also:

David See also:

GARRICK, DAVID (1717-1779)

Garrick in 1754 at the See also:

REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request of the beautiful countess of See also:

Coventry (nee Maria See also:

GUNNING, PETER (1614-1684)

Gunning). The play had no great success, and in 1764 Crisp established himself in retirement at Chessington Hall, where he frequently entertained his See also:

SISTER

sister, Mrs See also:

SOPHIA (1630-1714)

Sophia Gast, of See also:

BURFORD

Burford, See also:

OXFORDSHIRE (or OxoN)

Oxfordshire, and Dr Burney and his family, to whom he was familiarly known as " daddy " Crisp.' It was to her "daddy" Crisp and her sister Susan that Fanny Burney addressed large portions of her See also:

DIARY

diary and many of her letters. After his wife's See also:

DEATH

death in 1767, Dr Burney married See also:

Elizabeth See also:

Allen, widow of a King's Lynn See also:

WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine-See also:

MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant. From her fifteenth See also:

YEAR

year Fanny lived in the midst of an exceptionally brilliant social circle, gathered round her See also:

FATHER

father in Poland Street, and later in his new See also:

home in St See also:

Martin's Street, See also:

Leicester See also:

FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

Fields. Garrick was a See also:

CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant visitor, and would arrive before eight o'See also:

CLOCK

clock in the See also:

MORNING

morning. Of the various " See also:

Lyons " they entertained she leaves a graphic See also:

account, notably of Omai, the Otaheitan native, and of See also:

Alexis See also:

ORLOV

Orlov, the favourite of See also:

Catherine II. of See also:

Russia. Dr See also:

Johnson she first met at her father's home in See also:

March 1777. Her father's See also:

DRAWING

drawing-See also:

ROOM

room, where she met many of the chief musicians, actors and authors of the See also:

day, was in fact Fanny's only school. Her See also:

READING

reading, however, was by no means limited. See also:

MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY, BARON (1800-1859)

Macaulay stated that in the whole of Dr Burney's library there was but one novel; See also:

Fielding's Amelia; but See also:

Austin See also:

Dobson points out that she was acquainted with the See also:

ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

abbe See also:

Prevost's See also:

DOYEN, GABRIEL FRANCOIS (1726-1806)

Doyen de Killerine, and with See also:

MARIVAUX, PIERRE CARLET DE CHAMBLAIN DE (1688-1763)

Marivaux's See also:

Vie de Marianne, besides Clarissa Harlowe and the books of Mrs Elizabeth See also:

GRIFFITH, SIR RICHARD JOHN (1784-1878)

Griffith and Mrs Frances See also:

Brooke. Her diary also contains the See also:

RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record of much more strenuous reading. Her step-mother, a woman of some cultivation, did not encourage habits of scribbling.

Fanny, therefore, made a See also:

BONFIRE (in Early English " bone-fire," Scottish " bane-fire ")

bonfire of her See also:

MSS., among them a See also:

HISTORY

History of See also:

Caroline See also:

EVELYN, JOHN (1620-1706)

Evelyn, a See also:

story containing an account of Evelina's mother. Luckily her See also:

journal did not meet with the same See also:

FATE

fate. The first entry in it was made on the 3oth of May 1768, and it extended over seventy-two years. The earlier portions of it underwent wholesale editing in later days, and much of it was entirely obliterated. She planned out Evelina, or A See also:

Young Lady's Entrance into the See also:

WORLD

World, See also:

long before it was written down. Evelina was published by See also:

Thomas See also:

Lowndes in the end of January 1778, but it was not until June that Dr Burney learned its authorship, when the book had been reviewed and praised everywhere. Fanny proudly told Mrs Thrale the See also:

SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret. Mrs Thrale wrote to Dr Burney on the 22nd of See also:

JULY

July: " Mr Johnson returned home full of the Prayes of the Book I had See also:

LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")

lent him, and protesting that there were passages in it which might do See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour to See also:

Richardson: we talk of it for ever, and he feels ardent after the denouement; he could not get rid of the See also:

ROGUE

Rogue, he said." See also:

MISS

Miss Burney soon visited the Thrales at See also:

STREATHAM

Streatham, " the most consequential day I have spent since my See also:

BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth " she calls the occasion. It was the prelude to much longer visits there. Dr Johnson's best compliments were made for her benefit, and eagerly transcribed in her diary. His affectionate friendship for " little Burney " only ceased with his death. Evelina was a continued success.

Sir See also:

JOSHUA, BOOK OF

Joshua See also:

Reynolds sat up all See also:

NIGHT

night to read it, as did See also:

Edmund See also:

Burke, who came next to Johnson in Miss Burney's esteem. She was introduced to Elizabeth See also:

Montagu and the other See also:

BLUESTOCKING

bluestocking ladies, to See also:

Richard Brinsley See also:

Sheridan, and to the See also:

gay Mrs See also:

Mary Cholmondeley, the sister of Peg See also:

WOFFINGTON, MARGARET [PEG] (c. 1714-1760)

Woffington, whose See also:

MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners, as . described in the diary, ' His letters to Mrs Gast and another sister, See also:

Anne, were edited with the See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Burford Papers (1906), by W. H. See also:

Hutton.explain much of Evelina. At the See also:

SUGGESTION

suggestion of Mrs Thrale, and with offers of help from See also:

Arthur See also:

Murphy, and encouragement from Sheridan, Fanny began to write a See also:

COMEDY

comedy. Crisp, realizing the limitations of her See also:

POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers, tried to dissuade her, and the piece, The Witlings, was suppressed in deference to what she called a hissing, groaning, catcalling See also:

EPISTLE

epistle " from her two " daddies." Meanwhile her intercourse with Mrs Thrale proved very exacting, and left her little See also:

time for See also:

writing. She went with her to See also:

Bath in 1780, and was at Streatham again in 1781. Her next book was written partly at Chessington and after much discussion with Mr Crisp. See also:

CECILIA, SAINT

Cecilia; or, See also:

MEMOIRS

Memoirs of an Heiress, by the author of Evelina, was published in 5 vols. in 1782 by Messrs See also:

PAYNE, PETER (c. 138o-1455)

Payne & Cadell (who paid the author £250—not £2000 as stated by Macaulay). If Cecilia has not quite the freshness and See also:

CHARM (through the Fr. from the Lat. carmen, a song)

charm of Evelina, it is more carefully constructed, and contains many happy examples of what Johnson called Miss Burney's See also:

GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift of " See also:

CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character-mongering." Burke sent her a See also:

LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter full of high praise. But some of her See also:

friends found the writing too often modelled on Johnson's, and See also:

HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace See also:

Walpole thought the See also:

PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person-ages spoke too uniformly in character. On the 24th of See also:

APRIL

April 1783, Fanny Burney's " most judicious adviser and stimulating critic," "daddy" Crisp, died.

He was her devoted friend, as she was to him, "the dearest thing on See also:

earth." The next year she was to lose two more friends. Mrs Thrale married See also:

PIOZZI, HESTER LYNCH (1741-1821)

Piozzi, and Johnson died. Fanny had met the celebrated Mrs See also:

DELANY, MARY GRANVILLE (1700-1788)

Delany in 1783, and she now attached herself to her. Mrs Delany, who was living (1785) in a house near See also:

Windsor See also:

Castle presented to her by See also:

George III., was on the friendliest terms with both the king and See also:

queen, and Fanny was honoured with more than one royal interview. Queen See also:

CHARLOTTE

Charlotte, soon after-wards, offered Miss Burney the See also:

POST

post of second keeper of the See also:

ROBES (Fr. robe, Late Lat. roba, raupa, meaning (1)

robes, with a See also:

SALARY

salary of £200 a year, which after some hesitation was accepted. Much has been said against Dr Burney for allowing the authoress of Evelina and Cecilia to undertake an See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office which meant separation from all her friends and a wearisome round of See also:

court ceremonial. On the other See also:

hand, it may be fairly urged that Fanny's See also:

LITERARY

literary gifts were really limited. She had written nothing for four years, and apparently See also:

FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt she had used her best material. " What my daddy Crisp says," she wrote as early as 1779, " ` that it would be the best policy, but for pecuniary advantages, for me to write no more,' is exactly what I have always thought since Evelina was published " (Diary, i. 258). Her misgivings as to her unfitness for court See also:

LIFE

life were quite justified. From Queen Charlotte she received unvarying kindness, though she was not very See also:

CLEVER

clever with her waiting-maid's duties.

She had to attend the queen's See also:

TOILET

toilet, to take care of her See also:

lap-See also:

dog and her See also:

SNUFF (from " to snuff, " i.e. to inhale, to draw in through the nose; cf. Dutch snuf, scent, Ger. Schnupfen, a cold, catarrh, and Eng. " snuffle, " " sniff, " &c.)

snuff-See also:

box, and to help her See also:

SENIOR, NASSAU WILLIAM (1790-1864)

senior, Mrs Schwellenberg, in entertaining the king's equerries and visitors at See also:

TEA (Chinese cha, Amoy dialect t€)

tea. The constant association with Mrs Schwellenberg, who has been described as " a peevish old person of uncertain See also:

TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper and impaired See also:

HEALTH

health, swaddled in the See also:

BUCKRAM (a word common, in various early forms, to many European languages, as in the Fr. bouqueran or Ital. bucherame, the derivation of which is unknown)

buckram of backstairs See also:

ETIQUETTE

etiquette, " proved to be the worst part of Fanny's duties. Her diary is full of amusing court See also:

GOSSIP (from the O.E. godsibb, i.e. God, and sib, akin, standing in relation to)

gossip, and sometimes deals with graver matters, notably in the account of See also:

Warren See also:

Hastings' trial, and in the story of the beginning of George III.'s madness, as seen by a member of his See also:

HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household. But the See also:

STRAIN (through O. Fr. straindre, estraindre, mod. i treindre, from Lat. stringere, to draw tight, related to stress, stretch, string, &c.)

strain told on her health, and after pressure both from Fanny and her numerous friends, Dr Burney prepared with her a See also:

JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint memorial asking the queen's leave to resign. She left the royal service in July 1791 with a retiring See also:

PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension of boo a year, granted from the queen's private See also:

PURSE (Late Lat. bursa, adapted from Gr. Gupta, hide, skin; possibly O. Eng. pusa, bag, has influenced the change from b to p)

purse, and returned to her father's house at See also:

CHELSEA

Chelsea. Dr Burney had been appointed organist at Chelsea Hospital in 1783, through Burke's See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence. In 1792 she became acquainted with a See also:

GROUP

group of French exiles, who had taken a house, See also:

JUNIPER

Juniper Hall, near Mickleham, where Fanny's sister, Mrs Phillips, lived. On the 31st of July 17 93 she married one of the exiles, See also:

ALEXANDRE, NOEL (NATALIS ALEXANDER) (1639-1724)

Alexandre D'Arblay, an See also:

ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery officer, who had been See also:

ADJUTANT (from Lat. adjutare, to aid)

adjutant-See also:

general to La Fayette. They took a cottage at Bookham on the strength, it appears, of Miss Burney's pension. In 1793 she produced her Brief Reflections relative to the Emigrant French See also:

Clergy. Her son Alexandre was born on the 18th of See also:

DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1794• In the following See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring Sheridan produced at See also:

DRURY, SIR WILLIAM (1527-1579)

Drury See also:

Lane her See also:

EDWY (EADWIG)

Edwy and Elgiva, a tragedy which was not saved even by the acting of the Kembles and Mrs See also:

SIDDONS, SARAH (1755-1831)

Siddons. The play was never printed.

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.

» Add information or comments to this article.

Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.

Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
DARAB (originally DARABGERD)

[next]
DARBOY, GEORGES (1813-1871)