Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

HOMOEOPATHY (from the Greek 6p:nos, l...

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 648 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
» Make a correction to this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Spread the word: del.icio.us del.icio.us it!

See also:

HOMOEOPATHY (from the See also:Greek 6p:nos, like, and 7raOos, feeling) . The distinctive See also:system of See also:therapeutics which bears the name of homoeopathy is based upon the See also:law similia similibus curentur,' the originator of which was S. C. F. See also:Hahnemann, a of the Homiliarium is in the See also:emperor's own See also:commission entrusted to See also:Paul, to whom it is assigned in the earlier printed See also:editions also. A comparison of different editions shows that the contents increased with the ever-growing number of See also:saints' days and festivals, new discourses by later preachers like See also:Bernard being constantly added. See also:Neander, See also:Church See also:History, v. 174 (Eng. trans. of 1851). An See also:ancient See also:English metrical homiliarium is preserved in the library of the university of See also:Cambridge. Earlier versions of it have existed, and a portion of perhaps the earliest copy, dating from about the See also:middle of the 13th See also:century, was published in 1862 by Mr J. Small, librarian to the university of See also:Edinburgh. ' An interesting controversy has been carried on between the members of the homoeopathic school as to the proper construction of the Latin See also:motto which constitutes its acknowledged basis.

For many years the verb at the conclusion of the See also:

sentence was used in the indicative See also:mood, curantur, thus making the sentence a See also:positive one. After extended See also:research it has been discovered that Hahnemann himself never employed the word curantur as descriptive of his law of cure, but always wrote curentur, which greatly modifies the meaning of the phrase. If the subjunctive mood be used, the motto reads, " Let similars be treated by similars," or " similars should be treated by similars." The See also:reading similia similibus curentur was officially adopted as the correct reading of the sentence by the See also:American See also:Institute of Homoeopathy at its session held in See also:Atlantic See also:City, N.J., on the loth of See also:June 1899; and the words are so inscribed on the See also:monument erected to the memory of Hahnemann and unveiled in See also:Washington, D.C., on the 23rd of June 1900, and also are those carved upon the See also:tomb of Hahnemann in Pere-la-See also:Chaise, See also:Paris. 4 Some points of Hahnemann's system were borrowed from previous writers—as he himself, though imperfectly, admits. Not to mention others, he was anticipated by See also:Hippocrates, and especially by See also:Paracelsus (1495-1541). The identical words similia similibus curantur occur in the See also:Geneva edition (1658) of the See also:works of Paracelsus, as a marginal heading of one of the paragraphs; and in the " Fragmenta Medico," Op. Omnia, i. 168, 169, occurs the following passage: Simile similis cura; non contrarium. " Quisquis enim cum laude agere Medicum volet, is has nugas longe valere jubeat. Nec enim ullus unquam morbus calidus per frigida sanatus fuit, nee frigidus per calida. Simile autem suum simile frequenter curavit, scilicet Mercurius See also:sulphur, et sulphur Mercurium; et sal ilia, velut et ilia sal. Interdum quidem cum proprietate junctum frigidum sanavit calidum; sed id non factum est ratione frigidi, verum ratione naturae alterius, quam a primo illo omnino diversam facimus." It is very remarkable that in Hahnemann's enumeration of authors who anticipated him in regard to the See also:doctrine of Similia, he makes no mention of the views of Paracelsus, though the very words seem to be taken from the works of that physician.

The other point in Hahnemann's doctrine—that medicines should be tried first on healthy persons—he admits to have been enunciated by See also:

Haller. Roughly it has been acted on by physicians in all ages, but certainly more systematically since Hahnemann's See also:time. In the most characteristic feature of Hahnemann's practice—" the potentizing," " dynamiting," of medicinal substances—he appears to have been See also:original. ' Two methods of preparing medicines are recognized, one on the decimal, the other on the centesimal See also:scale. The pure tinctures are de-nominated " See also:mother tinctures," and represented by the Greek 0. To tinctures, first, second, See also:sixth dilutions, &c., while others use Homoeopathy has given prominence to the therapeutical See also:hundred-thousandths and millionths. Some homoeopathists of the See also:present See also:day still believe with Hahnemann that, even after the material medicinal particles of a See also:drug have been subdivided to the fullest extent, the continuation of the dynamization or trituration or succussion develops a spiritual acurative agency, and that the higher the potency, the more subtle and more powerful is the curative See also:action. Hahnemann says (See also:Organon, 3rd American edition, p. See also:lot), " It is only by means of the spiritual See also:influence of a morbific See also:agent that our spiritual vital See also:power can be diseased, and in like manner only by the spiritual operation of See also:medicine can See also:health be restored." This is absolutely denied by others. Thus there exist two See also:schools among the adherents of homoeopathy. On the one See also:hand there are the Hahnemannians-, the " Purists " or " High Potency men, who still profess to regard the Organon as their See also:Bible, who believe in all the teachings of Hahnemann, who adhere in their prescriptions to the single dose, the single medicine, and the highest possible potency, and regard the doctrine of the spiritual dynamization acquired by trituration and succussion as indubitable. On the other See also:side there are the " Rational " or " See also:Low Potency " men, who believe in the universality of the law of cure, but think that it cannot always be applied, on See also:account of an imperfect materia medica and a lack of know-ledge on the See also:part of the physician. They believe that in many cases of severe and acute See also:pain palliatives are required, and that they are See also:free to use all the adjuvants at present known to See also:science for the See also:relief of suffering humanity—See also:massage, balneology, See also:electricity, See also:hygiene, &c.

The American Institute of Homoeopathy, the See also:

national See also:body of the See also:United States, has adopted the following See also:resolution and ordered it to be published conspicuously in each number of the Transactions of the society: " A homoeopathic physician is one who adds to his knowledge of medicine a See also:special knowledge of homoeopathic therapeutics. All that pertains to the See also:great See also:field of medical learning is his by tradition, by See also:inheritance, by right." It is claimed that the effect produced upon both the laity and the See also:general profession of medicine by the introduction of homoeopathy was salutary in many ways. It diminished the quantity of medicine that was formerly considered necessary for the eradication of disease, and thus revealed the fact that the vis medicatrix naturae is often sufficient, with occasional and See also:gentle assistance, to cure many diseases, especially those fevers that run a definite and See also:regular course. Corroboration of the law similia sirnilibus curenturisseen, according to homoeopathists, in the See also:adoption of the serum therapy, which consists in the treatment of the most See also:malignant diseases (See also:diphtheria, See also:lock-See also:jaw, typhoid See also:fever, See also:tuberculosis, bubonic See also:plague) by introducing into the system a modified See also:form (similar) of those poisons that produce them in the healthy individual. Hahnemann undoubtedly deserves the See also:credit of being the first to break decidedly with the old school of medical practice, in which, forgetful of the teachings of Hippocrates, nature was either overlooked or rudely opposed by wrong and ungentle methods. We can scarcely now estimate the force of See also:character and of courage which was implied in his abandoning the See also:common lines of medicine. More than this, he and his followers showed results in the treatment of disease which compared very favourably with the results of contemporary orthodox practice. make a first decimal dilution or first decimal trituration, lo drops of t he mother See also:tincture, or to grains of a crude substance, are mixed with 90 drops of See also:alcohol, or 90 grains of saccharum lactis (See also:sugar of See also:milk) respectively. The liquid is thoroughly shaken, or the See also:powder care-fully triturated, and the bottles containing them marked 1 X, meaning first decimal dilution or trituration. To make the 2 X potency, to drops or lo grains of this first dilution or trituration are mixed with 90 drops of pure alcohol, or 90 grains of milk sugar, and are succussed or triturated as above described, and marked 2 X dilution or trituration. This subdivision of particles may be continued to an indefinite degree. On the Hahnemannian or centesimal scale the medicines are prepared in the same manner, the difference being that 1 drop or See also:grain is mixed with 99 drops or grains, to make the first centesimal, which is marked 1 c or I simply, and so on for the second and higher dilutions.

side of medicine, and has done much to stimulate the study of the physiological action of drugs. It has done service in directing more special See also:

attention to various powerful drugs, such as See also:aconite, nux vomica, See also:belladonna, and to the See also:advantage of giving them in simpler forms than were common before the days of Hahnemann. But in the medical profession homoeopathy nevertheless remains under the stigma of being a dissenting See also:sect. It has been publicly announced that if the homoeopathists would abolish the name " homoeopathy," and remove it from their See also:periodicals, colleges, hospitals, dispensaries and asylums, they would be received within the See also:fold of the regular profession These conditions have been accepted by a few homoeopathists who have become members of the most prominent medical association in the United States. Homoeopathy as it exists to-day can, in the See also:opinion of its adherents, stand by itself, and its progress for a century in See also:face of prolonged and determined opposition appears to its upholders to be See also:evidence of its truth. There are still, indeed, in both schools of medical thought, men who stand fast by their old principles. There are homoeopathists who can see nothing but evil in the practice of their See also:brothers of the orthodox school, as there are allopathists who still regard homoeopathy as a See also:humbug and a sham. There are, however, liberal-minded men in both schools, who look upon the adoption of any safe and efficient method of curing disease as the birthright of the true physician, and who allow every See also:man to prescribe for his patients as his See also:conscience may dictate, and, provided he be educated in all the See also:collateral branches of medical science, are ready to See also:exchange views for the See also:good of suffering humanity. Great See also:Britain.—Homoeopathy is not rapidly extending in Great Britain, and its recognition has been slow. The first See also:notice taken of the new system of therapeutics was by the Medical Society of See also:London in 1826. In 1827 the physician of See also:Prince See also:Leopold of See also:Saxe-See also:Coburg, Dr F. H.

F. See also:

Quin (1799-1878), who had previously studied homoeopathy in See also:Germany and practised it in See also:Italy, came to See also:England, and it was through his efforts that the system was introduced. Three other physicians, Dr Belluomini, Dr Romani and Dr Tagliani, claimed priority, but careful research established Dr Quin's See also:title. Quin was a successful man professionally and socially, and brought upon himself in a See also:short time the See also:anathema of the Royal See also:College of Physicians. In 1844 Dr See also:William See also:Henderson, See also:professor of See also:pathology in the university of Edinburgh, embraced the Hahnemannian system. A See also:storm of opposition arose, and Professor J. It. See also:Simpson (the discoverer of See also:chloroform See also:anaesthesia) published a See also:volume, with the alliterative title, Homoeopathy, its Tenets and Tendencies, Theoretical, Theological, and Therapeutical. This brochure was answered by Professor Henderson, the title of his See also:book being Homoeopathy Fairly Represented. From 1827 to 1837 there were but a dozen practitioners of homoeopathy in London, but during 1837 to 1847 the number increased to between seventy and eighty. In 1857 there were upwards of two hundred practitioners in the See also:kingdom, with See also:thirty-three institutions in which the law of similars was used as a basis of practice. In 1867 the increase was not so rapid, the number being 261.

A society was formed about this See also:

period for " the See also:protection of homoeopathic practitioners and students," which proved of great value in binding the sect together. In 187o congresses were established, and See also:annual meetings held, which have continued to the present time. In 1901 there were over three hundred homoeopathic physicians in the See also:British Isles, of whom between seventy and eighty were in London alone. There were seventy-nine chemists, of whom seventeen were located in London, and eighty-two towns and cities *in the See also:country contained from one to ten homoeopathic practitioners each, together with many established chemists for dispensing homoeopathic medicines. The British Homoeopathic Society was founded by Quin in 1844, and has numerous members and See also:fellows, besides corresponding members in all portions of the See also:world, including See also:Australia, See also:India and See also:Tasmania. The London Homoeopathic See also:Hospital was founded in 185o, also largely through the efforts of Quin, and.a few years afterwards moved to Great See also:Ormond See also:Street. During the See also:cholera epidemic of 1854 the See also:statistics of this hospital showed a mortality of 16.4 %, against 51.8 % of other See also:metropolitan charities. The London Homoeopathic Hospital has a convalescent See also:home under its management at See also:Eastbourne. There are also dispensaries in See also:Ealing and See also:West See also:Middlesex, See also:Kensington, Notting I-Iill and Bayswater. Similar institutions are located in See also:Bath, See also:Birkenhead, See also:Birmingham, See also:Bootle, See also:Bournemouth, See also:Brighton, See also:Bristol, See also:Bromley, See also:Cheltenham, See also:Cheshire, See also:Croydon, See also:Dublin, Eastbourne, Edinburgh, See also:Folkestone, See also:Hastings and St Leonards, See also:Ipswich, See also:Leeds, See also:Leicester, See also:Liverpool, See also:Newcastle, See also:Northampton, See also:Norwich, See also:Oxford, See also:Plymouth, See also:Torquay, Tunbridge See also:Wells, See also:Weston-super-See also:Mare. The homoeopathic See also:journals include the Homoeopathic World, the London Homoeopathic Hospital Reports, the See also:Journal of the British Homoeopathic Society, and the British Homoeopathic See also:Review, the last being issued by the British Homoeopathic Association, which was founded in 1902 for the purpose of developing and extending homoeopathy in Great Britain. The British Journal of Homoeopathy was first published in 1843, and was edited by Drs Drysdale, See also:Russell and See also:Black.

For many years it was the foremost homoeopathic journal in the world. Its motto was In certis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in See also:

omnibus charitas. One See also:reason why homoeopathy has not advanced as rapidly in the British Isles as in See also:America is said to be the discrimination exercised against it by the General Medical See also:Council, and another is want of cohesion amongst the homoeopaths themselves. United States.—Homoeopathy was introduced into the United States by br Hans See also:Birch See also:Gram, who was See also:born in See also:Boston. His See also:father being Danish, Gram in his eighteenth See also:year went to See also:Copenhagen, where he graduated in 1814. In 1823 he became acquainted with homoeopathy, and brought a knowledge of it to America in 1825 when he settled in New See also:York. The first homoeopathic association was formed in 1833 in See also:Philadelphia, the second in New York, 1834, and homoeopathy became known in the different states some-what in the following See also:order: New York, 1825; See also:Pennsylvania, 1828; See also:Louisiana, 1836; See also:Connecticut, 1837; See also:Massachusetts, 1837—1838; See also:Maryland, 1837; See also:Delaware, 1837; See also:Kentucky, 1837; See also:Vermont, 1838; Rhode See also:Island, 1839; See also:Ohio, 1839; New See also:Jersey, 184o; See also:Maine, 1840; New See also:Hampshire, 1840; See also:Michigan, 1841; See also:Georgia, 1842; See also:Wisconsin, 1842; See also:Alabama, 1843; See also:Illinois, 1843; See also:Tennessee, 1844; See also:Missouri, 1844; See also:Texas, 1848; See also:Minnesota, 1852; See also:Nebraska, 1862; See also:Colorado, 1863; See also:Iowa, 1871. After 1871 the spread of the system was rapid throughout every See also:state in the See also:Union, and it is in the United States that homoeopathy principally flourishes. There are thousands of homoeopathic physicians, and their clients number several millions. It may be noted that departments of homoeopathy are connected with the See also:universities of Boston, Michigan, Iowa, Minnesota and See also:Kansas City. See also:Canada.—The See also:early history of homoeopathy can be traced back nearly to 185o in the See also:province of See also:Quebec, In the Dominion of Canada the various provinces See also:control the licensing of physicians, excepting in Quebec, which is the only province having a See also:separate homoeopathic See also:board of examiners. This is under the control of the See also:Montreal homoeopathic Association, and is known as the College of Homoeopathic Physicians and Surgeons of Montreal.

Three examiners are annually appointed by the association. Successful candidates receive the diploma of the college, and are entitled to add to their degree the letters M.C.H.P.S. A certificate of successful examination is forwarded to the See also:

lieutenant-See also:governor at Quebec, who, " if satisfied of the See also:loyalty, integrity and good morals of the applicant, may See also:grant him a license to practise See also:surgery, physic and midwifery, or either of them, in the province of Quebec." The word " loyalty " has been decided by the provincial secretary to mean a British subject. This is the only See also:government medical license now issued in the British See also:empire, the others being by provincial boards or colleges of physicians and surgeons. In 1894 there was no homoeopathic institution in the province; at present the Montreal Homoeopathic Hospital is in active operation. Two homoeopathic papers are published monthly—the ilonioeopa!hic See also:Record in Montreal, and the Homoeopathic Messenger in See also:Toronto. In 187o, in the province of See also:Ontario, the three schools, allopathic, homoeopathic and eclectic, united for examining purposes into one board called the medical council, seventeen members representing the old school and five the other two systems. Finally the eclectics were merged in the old school, the board appointing five of Hahnemann's followers for examining purposes. See also:Grace Hospital at Toronto (erected 1892) was begun as a dispensary in 1887. Germany.—In 1810 Hahnemann published his Organon, which was the starting-point of homoeopathy in Germany. In 1811 an endeavour was made to found an institution in See also:Leipzig in which practitioners might learn the new method of treatment theoretically and practically. but it was not a success, as the entire See also:tide of professional opinion was against the system. In 1829, at the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of Hahnemann's doctorate, the See also:German Central Society was organized, holding its first See also:meeting in 1830.

In the university hospital of See also:

Munich some experiments were made to test the efficacy of homoeopathic medicines, but these were not successful. In 1831 the government prohibited homoeopathists from dispensing their own medicines; this was a severe See also:blow to the system. In 1834 there was a See also:division among the homoeopathists themselves, which much retarded the progress of the school. A homoeopathic hospital was established about this time (See also:January 1833) in Leipzig, hut there was such See also:constant wrangling among the physicians connected with it that its See also:sphere of usefulness was curtailed, and it was finally converted into a dispensary. The See also:Baden Homoeopathic Society was established in 1834. The homoeopathic hospital in Munich was established in 1836, but suffered a similar See also:fate to that of Leipzig, and was converted into a dispensary. The rather equivocal success of these hospitals in See also:Saxony and See also:Bavaria was in See also:direct contrast to the fate of two newly established hospitals in See also:Austria, one in See also:Vienna and the other in See also:Linz, which were very successful, and aroused great See also:interest both among physicians and laymen. During the See also:political confusion of 1846 and 1849 there was See also:complete stagnation of everythin- medical in Germany. But during all these years, though the public institutions were few,the literature on homoeopathic subjects became very extensive, and exercised a significant influence upon the system in all parts of the world. Hahnemann died in 1843, and on the loth of See also:August 1851 a See also:bronze monument to him was unveiled at Leipzig. The Leipzig dispensary lived thirty-three years. From 1842 to 1874 there were treated in this institution 65,106 patients.

In 1901 there were about 250 homoeopathic physicians in Germany; they appeared to be strongest at See also:

Berlin, in the province of See also:Brandenburg, in See also:Pomerania and See also:Westphalia, Saxony, Hessen and in See also:Wurttemberg. Austria-See also:Hungary.--Homoeopathy was introduced into Austria about 1817, and in 1819 its practice was forbidden by law. Shortly afterwards the physician attending the See also:archduke See also:John became a homoeopath. In 1825 the doctrine was introduced into Vienna. To test the efficacy of the system See also:Francis I. ordered that experiments be made with homoeopathic medicines, and for this purpose a See also:ward furnished with twelve beds was allotted. The results were satisfactory to the new system, and it made gigantic strides in Vienna. During the cholera epidermic of 1836 an increased impetus was given to the new school by the reported brilliant successes of the treatment. See also:Societies were founded and journals published. In 1846 a second hospital was founded. In 185o a third hospital was opened, and clinical lectures upon the system were delivered. In 1873 the Society of Homoeopathic Physicians was formed. Between the years 1873 and 1893 homoeopathy declined.

In 1901, in thirty-seven cities and towns there were to be found about fifty physicians and two hospitals, and it was estimated that about seventy-five more were scattered in See also:

Moravia, Bohemia, See also:Tirol, See also:Salzburg and the See also:coast provinces. There is a professorship of homoeopathy at the University of See also:Budapest,, and homoeopathic clinics are held at the new Rochus Hospital in Ulldi Street, and also in the homoeopathic See also:department of the Hospital See also:Bethesda of the Reformed Community. The See also:Elizabeth Hospital, exclusively homoeopathic, has existed for many years. See also:Russia.—The homoeopathic system was introduced into Russia in 1823. In 1825 great impetus was given to the new doctrine by the See also:conversion of Dr Bigel, physician to the See also:grand See also:duke See also:Constantine. In 1829 the grand duke ordered a See also:series of experiments to be See also:con-ducted to prove the truth or See also:fallacy of homoeopathy, and they demonstrated the success of the new school. In 1841 a hospital was established in See also:Moscow, and in 1849 similar institutions were founded in Nizhniy-See also:Novgorod. Since then homoeopathy has been steadily practised, and has penetrated to the remotest parts of Russia. In 1881 the See also:civil See also:engineers proposed to commemorate the virtues of the emperor See also:Alexander II. by the erection of a hospital; a See also:committee for See also:collecting funds was created, and 58,064 roubles were handed to the Charity Society of the followers of homoeopathy at St See also:Petersburg for the erection and See also:founding of a homoeopathic hospital. The See also:foundation See also:stone of the edifice was laid on 19th June 1893, the emperor Alexander III. giving 5000 roubles. The inauguration of a new dispensary and a See also:pharmacy took See also:place on the 19th of See also:April 1898, and the hospital itself, intended originally for fifty beds, was opened on the 1st of See also:November 1898. There are sixteen free beds, three of them being in the name of the emperor See also:Nicholas, the empress Maria Feodorovna, and the emperor Alexander III.

On the 28th of January 1899 an imperial See also:

edict was issued granting the rights of public service to the doctors of the hospital and dispensaries of the Charity Society, thus placing them on an equality with the doctors of the prevailing medical school. See also:France.—Homoeopathy was first introduced into France in 1830 by See also:Count de See also:Guidi, See also:doctor of medicine, doctor of science, and inspector of the university, who practised in See also:Lyons. About the same year Dr See also:Antoine Petroz, widely known by his Grand diction-noire See also:des sciences medicates, began practising homoeopathy in Paris, and his See also:establishment became the headquarters of the new system there. In 1835 Hahnemann himself came to the See also:capital. In 1832 the homoeopathic method of treating disease was introduced into the See also:Hospice de See also:Choisy, and in 1842 into the hospital of Carentan. Tessier practised the new doctrine in his wards in the Hospital St See also:Marguerite, and in the See also:Children's Hospital up to the year 1862, when he retired. The first homoeopathic society was established in 1832 (the Societe Gallicain), Hahnemann becoming See also:president in 1835; in 1845 the Societe de Medecine Homeopathique was organized; and in 1860 the two were united for the better interests of the school. In 1901 there were at Paris three hospitals—the Hospital St Jacques with fifty-five beds, the Hahnemann Hospital with thirty-five beds, and the new See also:Protestant Hospital for Children with twenty-five-beds. At Lyons there is the Hospital St Luc. The medical journals incttide L'See also:Art medical, La Revue homeopathique beige, Journal beige d'homeopathie,,La Therapeutique Integrate, La Revue homeopathique francaise. In the year 1900 the medical See also:officers of the See also:republic having super-See also:vision over the medical department of the See also:International See also:Exhibition officially recognized the members of the homoeopathic school, and arranged for the proper See also:accommodation and reception of the Inter-national See also:Congress of Homoeopathic Physicians held in June. On the 30th of that See also:month, with appropriate ceremonies, the remains of Hahnemann were removed from the See also:cemetery of Montmartre and deposited in Pere-la-Chaise, and a monument beating a suitable inscription was erected to the memory of the founder of homoeopathy.

Italy.—The Austrians when they entered See also:

Naples in 1821 brought homoeopathy into Italy, the general in command of the See also:army being a devoted friend of Hahnemann. In 1828 Dr Count See also:Sebastian de See also:women for their beauty. The See also:climate was extolled for its Guidi came from Lyons and assisted in spreading the doctrine. excellence, and the See also:land for its fertility. A See also:succession of gardens During the period from 1830 to 186o many physicians practised bordered the See also:Orontes, and the vineyards were remarkable for homoeopathy, and the literature on the subject became extensive. A homoeopathic clinic was established and a ward opened in Trinity their abundant yield of grapes. When the place capitulated Hospital at Naples, and a homoeopathic physician was appointed the great church of St John was divided between the Christians to the count of See also:Syracuse. During the severe cholera epidemics of and Moslems, an arrangement which apparently lasted until 1854, 1855, 1865 the success of homoeopathic treatment of that the arrival of the See also:Turks. At the end of the See also:firth century it disease was so marked under the care of Dr Rubini that the attention of the authorities was directed to the system. In 186o the homoeo- See also:fell into crusading hands, but was recovered by the Moslems pathic practice was introduced into the Spedale See also:delta Cesarea, and under See also:Saladin in 1187. Its decay probably See also:dates from the since that period homoeopathy has been recognized with more or less invasion of the See also:Mongols (126o), who fought two important favour in most of the cities. The See also:Italian Homoeopathic Institute battles with the Egyptians (1281 and 1299) in its vicinity. The is recognized by royal See also:warrant as an established institution, and its regulations are approved by the government.

In See also:

Turin the legal construction of a See also:carriage road to See also:Tripoli led to a partial revival seat of the Homoeopathic Institute, there is a hospital under the of prosperity and to an export of cereals and See also:fruit, and this management of the State Association. The homoeopathic medical growth has, in turn, been accentuated by the railway, which now See also:press consists of the Revista Otniopatic¢, established in 1855, and connects it with See also:Aleppo and the See also:Damascus-See also:Beirut See also:line. The L'Omiopatico in Italia, the See also:organ of the Italian Homoeopathic Institute, which first appeared in 1884. See also:district is well planted with mulberries and produces much See also:silk, See also:Spain.—Homoeopathy was introduced into Spain in 1829 by a most of which is worked up on the spot. (D. G. H.) physician to the Royal Commission sent by the See also:king of Naples to HO-NAN, a central province of See also:China, bounded N. partly attend the See also:marriage of Maria See also:Christina with See also:Don See also:Ferdinand VII. by the Hwang-ho (which it crosses to the west of Ho-nan Fu, Shortly after this, a See also:merchant of See also:Cadiz visited Hahnemann in Coethen, and was cured of a serious disorder; he returned to Spain forming an See also:arm northwards between the provinces of Shan-si with a See also:supply of homoeopathic literature, and immediately sent a and Chih-li), on the W. by Shen-si, on the S. by Hu-peh, and medical student to Leipzig to study the new system. In 1843 on the E. by Ngan-hui. It occupies an See also:area of 81,000 sq. m., many cases of cholera were treated homoeopathically in See also:Madrid. with a See also:population of about 22,100,000, and contains nine The civil See also:war, which did not terminate until 184o, arrested all medical investigation in Spain, but in 1843 there still existed in prefectural cities. Its capital is K ai-feng Fu. The prefecture Madrid five pharmacies and a number of homoeopathic physicians. of Hwai-k'See also:ing, See also:north of the Hwang-ho, consists of a fertile See also:plain, About this time Dr Tosi See also:Nunez returned from an investigation of " rendered See also:park-like by numerous plantations of trees and the new system with Hahnemann, and owing to his success in the shrubs, among which thick bosquets of See also:bamboo contrast with treatment of disease was created one of the physicians of the See also:bed- " chamber to the See also:queen, who soon afterwards conferred upon him the the gloomy groves of See also:cypress. All kinds of cereals grow title of See also:marquis, with the grand crosses of the See also:Charles III. and of the luxuriantly, and the general productiveness of the district Civil Order of Beneficiencia. This recognition by high authority is indicated by the extreme denseness of the population.

The gave an impetus to homoeopathy which has continued ever since. most noticeable feature in that portion of the province which See also:

Denmark.—Homoeopathy was unknown in Denmark until the year 1821, when Hans See also:Christian See also:Lund, a medical practitioner, is properly called Ho-nan is the Fu-niu Shan range, which runs adopted it. Hahnemann, however, had been both before and after See also:east and west across this part of the province. See also:Coal is found on that time consulted by Danes, and consequently homoeopathic the See also:south of the Hwang-ho in the districts of Ho-nan Fu, the therapeutics was recognized in different parts of the country. ancient capital, Lushan and Ju Chow. The See also:chief products Lund translated many of Hahnemann's works into Danish, as well as those of other eminent members of the new school. (W. T.

End of Article: HOMOEOPATHY (from the Greek 6p:nos, like, and 7raOos, feeling)

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
HOMILY 		[next]
HOMONYM (Gr. oµwvolaos, having the same name, from...

Site © 2006 - Net Industries