Online Etymology Dictionary

keenly (adv.): Old English cenlice "boldly;" see keen (adj.) + -ly (2). Meaning "incisively, with intensity, acutely" is from c. 1200; that of "cuttingly" is from 1590s.
ladylike (adj.): also lady-like, 1580s, "refined, well-bred, courteous;" see lady + like (adj.). Middle English had ladily "queenly, exalted" (late 14c.).
back (adv.): late 14c., shortened from abak, from Old English on bæc "backwards, behind, aback" (see back (n.)). Adverbial phrase back and forth attested from 1814.
choreograph (v.): 1943, American English, back-formation from choreography, or else from French choréographier (1827). Figurative sense from c. 1965. Related: choreographed.
churlish (adj.): late Old English cierlisc "of or pertaining to churls," from churl + -ish. Meaning "deliberately rude" is late 14c. Related: Churlishly; churlishness.
cinematography (n.): 1896, from cinematograph (1896), which has been displaced in English by its shortened form, cinema; from French cínématographe + -graphy.
Clark: surname, from common Middle English alternative spelling of clerk (n.). In many early cases it is used of men who had taken minor orders.
cleansing (n.): Old English clænsunge "cleansing, purifying, castigation; chastity, purity," verbal noun from the root of cleanse. As a present participle adjective, attested from c. 1300.
caroline (adj.): 1650s, "of or pertaining to a Charles," from French, from Latin Carolus "Charles" (see Charles). Especially of Charlemagne, or, in English history, Charles I and Charles II.
cassia (n.): cinnamon-like plant, late Old English, from Latin cassia, from Greek kasia, from Hebrew q'tsi-ah "cassia," from qatsa "to cut off, strip off bark."
continuity (n.): early 15c., from Middle French continuité, from Latin continuitatem (nominative continuitas), from continuus (see continue). Cinematographic sense is recorded from 1921, American English.
appraisal (n.): "setting of a price," by 1784, American English, from appraise + -al (2). Figurative sense, "act of appraising" (originally a term of literary criticism) is from 1817.
cryptogram (n.): 1880, from crypto- + gram "word, letter." A modern word coined in English; though the elements are Greek, the ancient Greeks would find it barbarous.
credibility (n.): 1590s, from Medieval Latin credibilitas, from Latin credibilis (see credible). Credibility gap is 1966, American English, in reference to official statements about the Vietnam War.
Darwin: surname attested from 12c., from Old English deorwine, literally "dear friend," probably used as a given name and also the source of the masc. proper name Derwin.
darkness (n.): Old English deorcnysse, from dark + -ness. Figurative use is recorded from mid-14c. The 10c. Anglo-Saxon treatise on astronomy uses þeostrum for "darkness."
bounce (n.): 1520s, "a heavy blow," also "a leap, a rebound" from bounce (v.). In reference to politicians and public opinion polls, by 1996, American English.
mindless (adj.): c. 1400, "unmindful, heedless, negligent," from mind (n.) + -less. Related: Mindlessly; mindlessness. Old English had myndleas "foolish, senseless."
elvish (adj.): c. 1200, aluisc, "belonging to or pertaining to the elves; supernatural," from elf + -ish. Old English used ilfig in this sense.
does: third person singular present of do (v.), originally a Northumbrian variant in Old English that displaced doth, doeth 16c.-17c.
douchebag (n.): also douche-bag, douche bag, 1893, from douche + bag (n.). American English slang sense of "contemptible person" attested by 1967.
earthenware (n.): vessels or other objects of baked or dried clay, 1670s, from earthen + ware (n.). Old English eorðwaran meant "earth-dwellers."
drunken (adj.): full form of the past participle of drunk. Meaning "inebriated" was in Old English druncena; adjectival meaning "habitually intoxicated" is from 1540s. Related: Drunkenly.
drowse (v.): 1570s, probably a back-formation from drowsy. Old English had a similar word, but there is a 600-year gap. Related: Drowsed; drowsing.
duckling (n.): mid-15c., dookelynge, from duck (n.) + -ling. The ugly duckling is from Hans Christian Andersen's tale (1843 in Danish, by 1846 in English).
drank: Old English dranc, singular past tense of drink. It also became past participle 17c.-19c., probably to avoid the pejorative associations of drunk.
dreamer (n.): c. 1300, "one who dreams," agent noun from dream (v.). Meaning "idler, daydreamer" emerged by 1530s. Old English dreamere meant "musician."
concours (n.): from French concours (16c.) "assemblage of things brought together," also "contest" (see concourse). Usually in English in phrase concours d'elegance.
confounded (adj.): as an intensive execration, "odious, detestable, damned," 1650s, from past participle of confound, in its older English sense of "overthrow utterly."
confusticate (v.): mid-19c., a fantastical American English coinage from confound or confuse, perhaps originally in minstrel show comedy, along with confubuscate, conflabberated, etc.
congrats (n.): 1884, colloquial shortening of congratulations. Further colloquialized in British English to congratters (1906) and among online gamers to grats (by 2000).
cha (n.): "tea," 1590s, also chaw, ultimately from the Mandarin ch'a "tea;" used in English alongside tea when the beverage was introduced.
battlefield (n.): 1812, from battle (n.) + field (n.). The usual word for it in Old English was wælstow, literally "slaughter-place."
beginning (n.): late 12c., "time when something begins," from begin. Meaning "act of starting something" is from early 13c. The Old English word was fruma (see foremost).
loquacity (n.): c. 1200, from Latin loquacitatem (nominative loquacitas) "talkativeness," from loquax "talkative" (see loquacious). An Old English word for it was ofersprecolnes.
maidenhead (n.): c. 1200, from maiden (n.) + Middle English -hede (see -head). Compare also maidehede (c. 1200) "celibacy, virginity" (of men or women).
maximize (v.): 1802, formed in English from maximum + -ize; first attested in Bentham, who used it often. Related: Maximized; maximizing.
laughable (adj.): "fitted to excite laughter," 1590s, from laugh (v.) + -able. Related: Laughably. In this sense Old English had hleaterlic "laughterly."
big-tent (adj.): in reference to welcoming all sorts and not being ideologically narrow, American English, 1982 with reference to religion, by 1987 with reference to politics.
lockdown (n.): also lock-down, from 1940s in various mechanical senses, from lock (v.) + down (adv.). Prison sense is by 1975, American English.
long-suffering: also longsuffering, 1520s (n.), 1530s (adj.), from long (adj.) + suffering (see suffer). Old English had langmodig in this sense.
loof (n.): "palm of the hand," Scottish and Northern English, c. 1300, from Old Norse lofe, cognate with Gothic lofa, Russian lapa "paw," Lettish lepa "paw."
look-see (n.): "inspection," 1865, "Pidgin-like formation" [OED], and first used in representations of English as spoken by Chinese, from look (v.) + see (v.).
narrow-minded (adj.): also narrow minded, 1620s, from narrow (adj.) + minded. Related: Narrow-mindedness. Middle English had narrow-hearted "mean, ungenerous, ignoble" (c. 1200).
mainline (v.): also main-line, 1934, from main line in American English slang sense "principal vein into which drugs can be injected" (1933).
off-shore (adj.): also off shore, 1720, from off + shore (n.). American English use for "other than the U.S." is from 1948 and the Marshall Plan.
parliamentarian (n.): 1640s as a designation of one of the sides in the English Civil War; meaning "one versed in parliamentary procedure" dates from 1834. See parliamentary + -ian.
overrun (v.): Old English oferyrnan; see over- + run (v.). The noun meaning "excess expenditure over budget" is from 1956. Related: Overran; overrunning.
oy: Yiddish exclamation of dismay, 1892, American English. Extended form oy vey (1959) includes Yiddish vey, from German Weh "woe" (see woe).
ophthalmoscope (n.): 1857 in English; coined 1852 by German physician and physicist Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (1821–1894) from ophthalmo- + -scope.