Online Etymology Dictionary

bullock (n.): Old English bulluc "young bull," from Proto-Germanic *bulluka-, from the stem of bull (n.1). Now always a castrated bull reared for beef.
cowslip (n.): Old English cu-slyppe, apparently from cu "cow" (see cow (n.)) + slyppe "slop, slobber, dung" (see slop (n.1)).
willing (adj.): early 14c., present participle adjective from will (v.1). Old English had -willendliche in compounds. Related: Willingly; willingness.
wily (adj.): "subtle, cunning, crafty," early 14c., from wile (n.) + -ly (1). Related: Wiliness. In 16c. English had wily-pie "cunning fellow."
windbreak (n.): also wind-break, "row of trees, etc., to break the force of the wind," 1861, American English, from wind (n.1) + break (n.).
unwritten (adj.): mid-14c., from un- (1) "not" + past participle of write (v.). Similar formation in Old English unwriten, Old Norse uritinn.
unkind (adj.): Old English uncynde "unnatural, not natural;" see un- (1) "not" + kind (adj.). Meaning "lacking in kindness" is recorded from mid-14c.
unclean (adj.): Old English unclæne, "morally impure, defiled, unfit for food," from un- (1) "not" + clean (adj.). Literal sense of "dirty" is recorded from mid-13c.
arms race (n.): 1930, in reference to naval build-ups, from arms (see arm (n.2)) + race (n.1). First used in British English.
slosh (n.): 1814, "slush, sludge, a watery mess," probably a blend of slush and slop (n.1) in its Middle English sense of "muddy place."
fizgig (n.): "light, frivolous woman," 1520s, first element of uncertain origin, second element is Middle English gig "frivolous person" (see gig (n.1)).
firewater (n.): also fire-water, "alcoholic liquor," 1826, American English, supposedly from speech of American Indians, from fire (n.) + water (n.1).
unwary (adj.): by 1570s, possibly late 14c., from un- (1) "not" + wary (adj.). Old English had unwær "incautious," unwærlic. Related: Unwarily.
fatherly (adj.): Old English fæderlic "fatherly, paternal; ancestral;" see father (n.) + -ly (1). Similar formation in Dutch vaderlijk, German väterlich. Related: Fatherliness.
fortieth (adj.): c. 1200, fowertiþe, from Old English feowertigoða, from feowertig (see forty) + -th (1). Compare Old Norse fertugonde, Swedish fyrationde, Danish fyrretyvende.
hiding (n.1): "concealment," early 13c., verbal noun from hide (v.1). Hiding-place is from mid-15c.; an Old English word for this was hydels.
misspeak (v.): late 14c., "to say amiss," also "to speak insultingly," from mis- (1) + speak (v.). Related: Misspeaking; misspoken. Old English missprecan meant "to grumble, murmur."
eyeball (n.): also eye-ball, 1580s, from eye (n.) + ball (n.1). As a verb, 1901, American English slang. Related: Eyeballed; eyeballing.
deepen (v.): c. 1600, from deep (adj.) + -en (1). Related: Deepened; deepening. The earlier verb had been simply deep, from Old English diepan.
deferment (n.): 1610s, from defer (v.1) + -ment. As a word for "conditional exemption from a military draft" it dates to 1918, American English.
earlobe (n.): also ear-lobe, by 1786, from ear (n.1) + lobe. Earlier was ear lap (Old English had earlæppa "external ear").
marksman (n.): 1650s, from mark (n.1) in Middle English sense of "target" + man; with genitive -s. Earlier form was markman (1570s).
godly (adj.): late 14c., from god + -ly (1). Perhaps earlier, but due to identical spelling in Middle English it is difficult to distinguish from goodly. Related: Godlily.
grandmother (n.): early 15c., from grand- + mother (n.1), probably on analogy of French grand-mère. Replaced earlier grandame (c. 1200) and Old English ealdemodor.
godmother (n.): woman who sponsors one at baptism, late 13c., from God + mother (n.1); modifying or replacing Old English godmodor.
highly (adv.): Old English healice "nobly, gloriously, honorably;" see high (adj.) + -ly (1). Meaning "very, very much, fully" is mid-14c.
immovable (adj.): late 14c., literal and figurative, also sometimes in Middle English immevable, from assimilated form of in- (1) "not, opposite of" + movable. Related: Immovably.
kindergartener (n.): 1872, "kindergarten teacher," from kindergarten + -er (1). The German form kindergartner is recorded in American English from 1863. As "kindergarten pupil," attested from 1935.
sledgehammer (n.): late 15c., from sledge (n.1) + hammer (n.). As a verb, from 1834. Old English had slegebytel "hammer," from beetle (n.2).
pipe dream (n.): 1870; the sort of improbable fantasy one has while smoking opium; from pipe (n.1) + dream (n.). Old English pipdream meant "piping."
inequity (n.): "unfairness," 1550s, from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + equity. Formed from the same elements as iniquity, but done in English. Related: Inequities.
ripen (v.): "to grow ripe," 1560s, from ripe + -en (1). Related: Ripened; ripening. Earlier, the verb was simply ripe, from late Old English ripian, from the adjective.
row-house (n.): 1913, American English, from row (n.1), which is attested from mid-15c. in sense of "a number of houses in a line," + house (n.).
mail (v.): "send by post," 1828, American English, from mail (n.1). Related: Mailed; mailing; mailable. Mailing list attested from 1876.
misborn (adj.): "abortive, premature, mis-shapen from birth," late Old English misboren "abortive, degenerate," from mis- (1) + born. From 1580s as "born of an unlawful union."
misthink (v.): Old English misðyncan "to be mistaken;" see mis- (1) + think (v.). From early 13c. as "to have sinful thoughts;" from 1590s as "to think ill of."
sock (v.2): "to stash (money) away as savings," 1942, American English, from the notion of hiding one's money in a sock (see sock (n.1)).
tear (n.2): "act of ripping or rending," 1660s, from tear (v.1). Old English had ter (n.) "tearing, laceration, thing torn."
somedeal (adv.): "to some degree, somewhat," obsolete, but very common in Old English as sume dæle "some portion, somewhat," from some + deal (n.1).
shelve (v.2): "to slope gradually," 1610s, from Middle English shelven "to slope," from shelfe "grassy slope," a word related to shelf (n.1). Related: Shelved; shelving.
tetter (n.): skin disease, Old English teter, from a reduplicated form of PIE *der- (2) "to split, peel, flay" (see tear (v.1)).
-le: instrumental word-forming element, the usual modern form of -el (1), a suffix originally used in Old English to form agent nouns.
-ino: word-ending in some English words from Spanish and Portuguese (albino, casino, etc.), the Spanish and Portuguese form of -ine (1), from Latin -inus/-inum.
unlisted (adj.): 1640s, from un- (1) "not" + past participle of list (v.3). In reference to stocks, attested from 1905; of phone numbers, from 1937 (American English).
liverwurst (n.): 1869, American English, partial translation of German Leberwurst "liver-sausage," from Leber "liver" (see liver (n.1)) + Wurst "sausage" (see wurst).
garth (n.): "small piece of enclosed ground," a northern and western English dialect word, mid-14c., from Old Norse garðr "yard, courtyard, fence," cognate of Old English geard (see yard (n.1)).
afield (adv.): 1590s, contraction of Middle English in felde, from Old English on felda "in the field" (especially of battle), from a- "on" (see a- (1)) + field (n.). Meaning "away from home" is attested by early 15c.
spittoon (n.): also spitoon, 1811, American English, from spit (n.1) + -oon. A rare instance of a word formed in English using this suffix (octoroon is another). Replaced earlier spitting box (1680s).
sweeten (v.): 1550s (intransitive), from sweet (adj.) + verbal ending -en (1). Transitive sense ("become sweet") is from 1620s. The Middle English form of the verb was simply sweet, from Old English swetan. Related: Sweetened; sweetening.
waterfall (n.): Old English wætergefeall; see water (n.1) + fall (n.). The modern English word is perhaps a re-formation from c. 1500. Similar formation in German wasserfall, Old Norse vatnfall.