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CX1 . 26
in date from 177o to 1788, in the See also:Adam See also:style. Many of See also:Flax-See also:man's designs were produced in See also:plate, among the most important being the " See also:Shield of See also:Achilles," in See also:silver-gilt, at See also:Windsor See also:Castle. See also: 11 oz. 2 dwt. to the See also:pound. Except for a time during the 16th See also:century this standard of silver has been kept up, and is still required by See also:law.
See also: III. c. 7). This might be any badge or initial chosen by the See also:master silversmith himself. The third was the See also:Year See also:letter or assayer's mark; this was an See also:alphabet, one letter being used for a year, counting from the See also:day of the See also:annual See also:election of the See also:warden of the Goldsmiths' See also:Company. When one alphabet was exhausted another with differently shaped letters was begun. The earliest existing piece of plate which has the three marks is the See also:chalice (with See also:paten, 1479-1480), at Nettlecombe, See also:Somerset. Other marks, subsequently introduced, were the lion passant, first used in 1544; the lion's head erased; and a full-length figure of Britannia, used only between 1697 and 1719-1720; and, lastly, the portrait of the reigning See also:sovereign, which was used from 1784 to 189o, when the See also:duty on gold and silver plate ceased. In addition to these See also:general hall-marks, the plate made in various provincial towns had certain special assay and hall-marks. The best work on hall-marked plate and the marks themselves, with the See also:history of the Goldsmiths' Company, is C. J. See also:Jackson's English Goldsmiths and their Marks (1905), where will be found illustrations of the marks found on plate wrought in See also:Scotland and See also:Ireland, and at English provincial gilds—York, See also:Norwich, See also:Exeter, See also:Chester, See also:Lincoln, See also:Newcastle, See also:Birmingham, See also:Sheffield and other places. E. See also:Alfred See also: Nyrop, Meddelelser and dansk Guldesmedekunst (1884); Bernhard Olsen, De kjobenhavnske Guldsmedes Marker fra Tiden for Aaret, z800 (1892). See also:Italian.—L. Caglieri, Compendio delle vite dei santi orefici ed argentieri (1727); Il Sanluario delle retiquie ossia it tesoro della See also:basilica di S. See also:Antonio di Padova (1851) ; " Stanziamenti e contratti per opere di oreficeria (XIV.-XV. cent.)," See also:Perugia: R.Commissione Giornale, i. 333, iii. 206, 225 (1872-1874); See also:Filangieri, Documenti per la storia, le arte e le industrie delle provincie napoletane (1883-1891); Antonio Pasini, Il Tesoro di See also:San Marco, Venezia (2 vols., 1885-1886) ; " Orfevres et l'orfevrerie en See also:Savoie," See also:Chambery: See also:Soc. savoisienne memoires, See also:xxiv. 329 (1886); A. Guarneri, Esposizione di See also:Palermo. Catalogo See also:delta collezione di antica oreficeria ed argenteria (1891); L. Fumi, Il Sanluario del SS. Corporate See also:net duomo di See also:Orvieto (1896) ; Congresso eucaristico ed esposizione di arte sacra antica in Orvieto (1897); Congresso eucaristico di Venezia (1898); A. Cocchi, See also:Les Anciens reliquaires de See also:Santa Maria del Fiore et de San Giovanni de See also:Florence (1903) ; O. H. Giglioli, See also:Pistoia, nelle See also:sue opere d'arte (1904); Catalogo generate delta mostra d'arte antica abruzzese in See also:Chieti (1905); E. Manceri, Notizie di Sicilia, arte viii. 388 (1905); P. Piccirilli, Oreficeria medievale aquilana: due cimeli net See also:Victoria and See also:Albert Museum di Londra (1905) ; F. See also:Ferrari, L'Oreficeria in See also:Aquila 1 See See also:Birdwood, Industrial Arts of India (188o), p. 144. (1906); S. J. A. See also:Churchill, " The Goldsmiths of See also:Rome under the Papal Authority," with valuable bibliography, Papers of See also:British School at Rome, vol. iv. (1907); Catalogo delta mostra d'antica arte See also:Umbra (Perugia, 1907) ; Corrado See also:Ricci, Il Palazzo pubblico di See also:Siena e la mostra d' antica arte senese. See also:Russian, &c.—A. P. Sonzoff, an illustrated book on some Russian plate (1857-1858); A. Maskell, Russian Art and Art See also:Objects in See also:Russia (1884); C. de Linas, Les Origines de l'orfevrerie cloisonne; See also:Viollet-le-Due, Art russe; Antiquities of the Russian See also:Empire. See also:Austrian and Hungarian.—B. Czobor and I. See also:Szalay, See also:Die historischen Denkmaler Ungarns (1897-1901); E. Radisics and J. Szendrei, Treasure of Hungarian Art (Hung.) (See also:Budapest, 1897-1901); J. Mihalik, "History of Goldsmiths' work at Kassa " (Hung.), in vol. xxi. of Archaeological Proceedings of Hungarian Academy (1899); " Zur Geschichte der Wiener Gold- and Silberschmiedekunst," by E. Leisching, in Kunst and Kunsthandwerk, vii. 343 (1904) ; " Alt Troppauer Goldschmiedekunst," by E. W. Braun, in Zeitschrift fiir Geschichte ... oesterreichisch Schlesiens, i. 24 (1905); J. Hampel, Aiterthumer See also:des friihen Mittelalters in Ungarn (See also:Brunswick, 1907) ; Katalog der Ausstellung von alt,-oesterreichischen Goldschmiedearbeiten (Kaiser See also:Franz Josef Museum in See also:Troppau); A. Ilg, Wiener Schmiedewerk. See also:German, &c.—Manuscripts (W. Jamnitzer), "Ein gar kunstlicher and wolgetzicrter Schreibtisch sampt allerhant kunstlichen silbern and vergulten newerfunden Instrumenten " (1585), See also:col. drawings; Sibmacher, Entwurfe See also:fur Goldschmiede (1879); R. Bergau,. Wentzel Jamnitzer (188o) ; Erzeugnisse der Silber-Schmiede Kunst aus dem 16 bis i8 Jahrh. (1883) ; Luthmer, Der Schatz des Freiherrn K. von See also:Rothschild (2 vols., 1883-1885) ; Luthmer and Schuermann, Grossherzoglich-hessische Silberkammer (1884); C. A. von Drach, See also:Alien Silberarbeiten in den kgl. Sammlungen zu See also:Cassel (1888); Marc Rosenberg, Der Goldschmiede Merkzeichen (189o); J. H. Hefner-Alteneck, Deutsche Goldschmiede-werke des 16. Jahrh. (189o); Marc Rosenberg, 17 Blatt aus dem grossherzoglich sdchsischen Silberschatz See also:im Schlosse zu See also:Weimar (1891); Die Kunstkammer im grossherzoglichen Residenzschtosse zu See also:Karlsruhe (1892); Siebzehn Blatt aus dem herzoglich Anhaltischen Silberschatz im Schlosse zit See also:Dessau (1895); F. Sarre, Die berliner Goldschmiede Zunft (1895); P. Seidel, " Deux oeuvres de See also:Wenzel Jamnitzer," Der Silber- and Goldschatz der See also:Hohenzollern im kgl. Schlosse zu See also:Berlin (1895); Gaz. des See also:beaux arts, 3 S. xx. 221 (1898); Eugen von Nottbeck and W. See also:Neumann, Geschichte u. Kunstdenkmaler der Stadt Revel (1899) ; Bernhard Olsen, De hamburgske Guldsmede See also:Jakob Mores d. oeldres og d. yngres Arbejder for de danske Konger Frederik II. og Christian IV. (1903), (Die Arbeiten der hamburgischen Goldschmiede See also:Jacob Mores, Vater and Sohn, fur die deinischen Konige See also:Frederick II. and Christian IV.); J. Sembritzki, Verzeichniss in See also:Memel vorhandener, alterer Erzeugnisse der Edelschmiedekunst (1904); H. P. See also:Mitchell, " Two works by Wentzel Jamnitzer," Art See also:Journal, p. 105 (1905); W. Neumann, Verzeichnis baltischer Goldschmiede, ihrer Merkzeichen and Werke (1905); E. Hintze, Die breslauer Goldschmiede (1906); E. Alfred Jones, " The gold and silver plate of W. D. von Raitenau, See also:prince-See also:archbishop of See also:Salzburg, in the Pitti See also:Palace," Connoisseur, xviii. 20 (1907) ; " The Plate of the See also:Emperor of See also:Germany," Connoisseur, nos. 51 and 54; Illustrated Catalogue of Early German Art (See also:Burlington See also:Fine Arts See also:Club, 19o8); See also:Richard Graul, Leipziger Gold- and Silberschmiedearbeiten des Mittelalters (1908); A. See also:Weiss, Des Handwerk der Goldschmiede zu See also:Augsburg bis 2681; E. von Schauss, Die Schatzkammer des bayerischen Konigshauses; " See also:Duke of See also:Portland's Gold See also:Cup," Archeologia, lix. 233. See also:French, Burgundian, &c.—J. C. Delafosse, Nouvelle iconologie historique, fol. (1771); E. Aubert, Tresor de l'abbaye de See also:Saint-See also:Maurice d'Agaune (1872); Mely, Le Tresor de See also:Chartres (1886); L. Palustre et X. See also:Barbier de Montault, Le Tresor de Treves (1886); J. D'Arbaumont et L. Marchant, Le Tresor de la Sainte-Chapelle de See also:Dijon d'apres ses anciens inventaires (1887); C. G. Bapst, Etudes sur l'orfevrerie francaise au XVIIIe siecle, le Germain, orfevressculpteurs du See also:Roy (1887) ; See also:Album de l'exposition de l'art ancien au pays de See also:Liege: orfevrerie religieuse (1888); Catalogue raisonne des pieces d'orfevrerie francaise composant la collection du See also:marquis da Foz (a Lisbonne) (1889); L'Orfevrerie francaise a la tour de See also:Portugal au XVIII'. siecle (1892) ; E. Miintz, Histoire de l'art See also:pendant la See also:Renaissance (1891); W. Cripps, Old French Plate (1893); H. Havard, Histoire de l'orfevrerie francaise (1896); Inventaire de l'orfevrerie et des joyaux de See also: See also:Spanish.—Riano, Industrial Arts in See also:Spain (1879) ; Davillier, L'Orfevrerie en Espagne (1879); Museo espan"ol de antiguedades (1879); Jose Villaamil y See also:Castro (on Spanish chalices), Boletin de la sociedad espan"ola de excursiones (See also:April, 1893) ; El Tesoro de la catedral de See also:Santiago; H. P. Mitchell, Catalogue of the Silversmiths' Work in the .See also:Wyndham See also:Cook Art Collection (1905); L. See also:Williams, Arts and Crafts of Older Spain (1907); See also:Don Enrique de Leguina See also:Baron de la See also:Vega de Hoz, La See also:Plata espanola; Gestoso, Diccionario de artifices sevillanos. See also:American.— J. H. See also:Buck, Old Plate (1903); American Silver (See also:Boston, 1906); Colonial Silverware of the 17th and 28th centuries (1907); E. Alfred Jones, " Old American Silver Plate," Connoisseur (See also:December, 1908). English.—H. See also:Shaw, Dresses and Decorations of the See also:Middle Ages (1843); Decorative Arts of the Middle Ages (1851); See also:Bray, See also:Life of Stothard (1851); Catalogue of the Antiquities and Works of Art exhibited at Ironmongers' Hall (1861); Catalogue of the Exhibition of Objects of Art, See also:South See also:Kensington (1862) ; W. Cripps, See also:College and See also:Corporation Plate (1881) ; Old English Plate (9th ed., 1906) ; R. S. See also:Ferguson, The Old See also: (1902, new See also:series, vol. i., pt. 4); See also:Sir J. Watney, The Plate of the Mercers' Company (1892) ; Rev. T. See also:Burns, Old Scottish Communion Plate (1892); J. Starkie See also:Gardner, English Enamels (1894); Old Silver Work, chiefly English, 15th to 28th centuries (1902); " See also: H. Freshfield, The Communion Plate of the Churches in the See also:City of London (1894); The Communion Plate of the County of London (1895); The Communion Plate of Middlesex (1897); The Communion Plate of See also:Essex (1899); Sir W. Prideaux, Memorials of the Goldsmiths' Company (1896); L. Jewitt and W. H. St See also: 33 See also:Percy McQuoid, " The Plate of See also:Winchester College," Burlington Mag. (1903) ii. 149; " See also:Evolution in English Plate," Burlington 11/lag. (1903) i. 167, 359; The History of English See also:Furniture (1904, &c.); See also:Stanhope and Moffatt, The Church Plate of the County of See also:Hereford, (1903); See also:Guide to the Early Christian .and See also:Byzantine Antiquities, British Museum (1903); General Guide to the Art Collections (Gold and Silver), See also:Science and Art Museum, See also:Dublin (1903) ; Montague See also:Howard, Old London Silver (1903) ; E. Radford, " The Church Plate of St See also:Lawrence Jewry," Connoisseur (1904), viii. 72; H. F. N. Jourdain, History of the See also:Mess Plate of the 88th See also:Regiment (1904); T. M. See also:Fallow, " See also:Yorkshire Plate and Goldsmiths," Journal of Arch. Inst. of Great See also:Britain (1904), lxi. 74; J. T. See also:Evans, The Church Plate of See also:Pembrokeshire (1905); The Church Plate of See also:Gloucestershire 0906); The Church Plate of See also:Carmarthenshire (1908) ; C. H. Ashdown, Notes on the Corporation Plate and Insignia of the City of St See also:Alban (1905); H. C. Casley, " An See also:Ipswich Worker of Elizabethan Church Plate," Suffolk Inst. of Arch. and Nat. Hist. (1905) vol. xii. pt. 2; F. See also:Guy Laking, The Furniture of Windsor Castle (1905); H. C. Moffatt, Old See also:Oxford Plate (1906); J. W. Caldicott, The Values of Old English Silver and Sheffield Plate (1906); E. Alfred Jones, " The Old Silver Sacramental Vessels of English See also:Nonconformity," Mag. of Fine Arts (1906), i. 28o, 371; The Church Plate of the Diocese of See also:Bangor (1906); The Old Church Plate of the Isle of Man (1907); The Old Silver Sacramental Vessels of Foreign See also:Protestant Churches in England (1907); Old English Gold Plate (1907) ; Illustrated Catalogue of See also:Leopold de Rothschild's Collection of Plate (1907) ; Two Illustrated Catalogues of J. Pierpont See also:Morgan's Collection of Plate (1907–1908) ; Old Plate at the Dublin Exhibition, 1907," Connoisseur (Dec. 1907); " English Plate at the Church See also:Congress, Great See also:Yarmouth," Burlington Mag. vol. xii. no. 57 (Dec. 1907) ; The Old Plate at the See also:Tower of London (1908) ; " The Civic Plate, Regalia, &c., of the See also:Norfolk Boroughs," Memorials of Old Norfolk (1908); The Old English Plate of the Czar of Russia (1909) ; The Old Plate of the Cambridge Colleges (1909) ; " Some Old Plate in the See also:possession of See also:Lord Mostyn," Burlington Mag. ; " The Plate of Jesus College, Oxford," Y Cymmrodor, vol. xvii. ; Guide to the See also:Medieval See also:Room, British Museum 9o7); See also:Nelson See also:Dawson, Goldsmiths' and Silversmiths' Work (1907);T. S. See also:Ball, Chester Church Plate (1908); R. H. Cocks, Concerning some Treasures of the Vintners' Company; Hope and Fallow, " English Medieval Chalices and Patens," Arch. Journal, xliii. 14o; C. J. Jackson, " The See also:Spoon and its History," Archaeologic, vol. liii. ; G. R. French, " The Plate of the Vintners' Company," London and Middlesex Arch. Soc. Trans. vol. iii. ; " The Plate of the Mercers' Company," London and Middlesex Arch. Soc. Trans. vol. iv.; J. G. See also:Nichols, " The Plate of the Stationers' Company," London and Middlesex Arch. Soc. Trans. vol. ii.; Article on " Drinking and other Horns," in Chester Arch. Soc. Journal, new series, vol. xi.; Somerset Arch. Soc. xlv. 2; See also:Oxfordshire Arch. Soc. Proc. vols. See also:xxvi., xxiv. ; Norfolk See also:Archaeology. Designs, &c.—J. Giardini, zoo Designs for Silversmiths' Work, (pub. in Rome, 1750) ; A. W. See also:Pugin, Designs for Gold- and Silversmiths, (1836); Andronet du Cerceau, Ornemens d'orfevrerie propres pour flanquer et emailler: nouveau livre d'ornemens d'orfevrerie (pub. Paris, c. 166o, London, '888); H. Bouchot, Cent modeles inedils de lorfevrerie francaise des 17' et 18' siecles executes See also:par les orfevressculpteurs royaux Nic. de Launay, J. J. Roettiers, T. Germain, F. T. Germain et reproduits d'apres les dessins originaux de la bibliotheque nat. (1888) ; Le See also:Cabinet des estampes de la bibliotheque nationale (1895); Reproductions of See also:Paul Flindt's designs for gold-smiths' work, published 1888; Reproductions d'anciennes gravures d'orfevrerie hollandaise (1892–1900); Collection of illustrations entitled Die Schatzkammer des Bayer-Konigshauses (1902). For an account of the See also:original drawings for silversmiths' work in the museum at Basle see Jahrbiicher der kgl. preuss. Kunstsammlungen (1905); Illustrated reproductions of goldsmiths' designs by the Dutch silversmith, Adam Vianen; See also:Etienne Delaune (1519–1583), Reproductions of his goldsmiths' ornaments, Paris; J. F. See also:Forty, Oeuvres d'orfevrerie a l'usage des eglises; J. C. Reiff. (18 Jahrh.), 4 Blatt sehr schone Zierrathen fur Goldschmiede, &c.; Giardini, Promptuarium artis argentariae (Rome, 1750) ; See also:Holbein, Original Designs for Plate, in the See also:Print Room, British Museum, and in the Bodleian at Oxford (the South Kensington Museum also has a fine collection of original 16th-century designs in See also:pen and See also:ink); Viane, See also:Models of Silver Vases, &c. (See also:Utrecht, 17th cent.) ; Loie, Brasiers. . . et autres ouvrages de orfevrerie, and Nouveaux dessins de gueridons, &c. (Paris, n.d.); Maria, Livre de dessins de jouaillerie, &c. (Paris, n.d.); Portefeuille d'ornement (Paris, 1841). Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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